558 



EULOPHIELLA 



Elfsabethae, Lind. & Rolfe. Fls. 2-2% in. across, usu- 

 ally 2-4 in the drooping cluster ; sepals and petals ovate ; 

 labellura oscillatory; anterior lobe yellow. B.M. 7387. 

 R.B. 21:181. l.H. 40:173. 



Peetersiana, Kriiriz. (Grammatophyllum JKoempleri- 

 anum, Reichb. f.). Lvs. 2-4 ft. long: scape 3-4 ft. long: 

 Us. 3-4 in. across: sepals bright purple and blotched 

 at tip; petals purple, unblotched; lip white, purple- 

 bordered, with 4 erect crests. G.C. III. 23:200. Gn. 53, 

 p. 379. ( See G.C. III. 26 :353) . OAKES AMES. 



EU6NYMUS (ancient Greek name). Syn., Evonymus. 

 Celastrdcece. SPINDLE TREE. BURNING BUSH. STRAW- 

 BERRY BUSH. Ornamental, deciduous or evergreen 

 shrubs of upright or sometimes procumbent or creeping 

 habit, with opposite, simple Ivs. and rather inconspic- 

 uous greenish, whitish or purplish fls. in axillary cymes; 

 very attractive in fall, with their handsome scarlet, pink 

 or whitish, capsular frs., showing the bright orange 

 seeds when opening, and with the splendid fall coloring 

 which most of the species assume, especially^, alatus, 

 E. Hamiltonianus, Europceus and atropurpureus . 

 The Spindle Trees grow in almost any soil, and are 

 well adapted for shrubberies. Most of the cultivated 

 deciduous species, except those from Himalayas, are 

 hardy North, while of the evergreen ones only E. radi- 

 cans is fairly hardy, and, on account of its greater 

 hardiness, is often used North as a substitute of the ivy 

 for covering walls, rocks and trunks of trees, climbing, 

 if planted in good soil, to a height of 15 and sometimes 

 20 ft. E. Europceus, and South the evergreen E. Ja- 

 ponicus, are sometimes used for hedges. Prop, by seeds, 

 usually stratified and sown in spring, or by cuttings of 

 ripened wood in fall. The evergreen species grow 

 readily from cuttings of half-ripened wood under glass 

 in fall or during the winter in the greenhouse. Varie- 

 ties are sometimes grafted or budded on stock of their 

 typical species. About 40 species are known in the 

 northern hemisphere, extending also from S. Asia to 

 Australia. Shrubs or small trees, with usually more or 

 less quadrangular branches and opposite, usually gla- 

 brous and serrate Ivs.: fls. small, in axillary cymes, 

 45-merous, generally perfect; style and stamens short, 

 the latter inserted on a disk: fr. a 3-5-lobed, somewhat 

 fleshy capsule, each dehiscent valve containing 1 or 2 

 seeds enclosed in a generally orange-colored aril; the 

 seed itself is usually white. The wood is tough, close- 

 grained and light-colored, often almost white, and used, 

 especially in Europe, for the manufacture of small ar- 

 ticles. The bark of the American species has medical 

 properties. 



INDEX. 



alatus, 3. Europaeus, 6. pulchellus, 12. 



albo-marainatus,12. flavescms, 12. pyramidalis, 12. 



Americaiius, 1, 8. qracilis, form of, 13. radicans, 13. 



angustifolius 1 Hamiltonianus, 9. repens, 13. 



argenteo - margina- Japonicus, 12. reticulatus, 13. 



tus, 13. Koopmanni, 5. robustus, 12. 



argenteo variega- latifolius, 7. roseo - marginatus, 



tus, 12. linifolius, 5. 13. 



atropurpureus, 6, 8. Maackii, 9. Sieboldianus, 9, 10. 



aureo variegatus, macrophyllus, 12. subtriflorus, 3. 



12. medio-pictus, 12. Thunbergianus, 3. 



aureus, 12. microphyllus , 12. variegatus, 2. 



Bungeanus, 11. iianus, 5. verrucosus, 4. 



Carrieri, 13. obovatus, 2. mridi-variegatus,12. 



columnaris, 12. pallens, 12. Yeddoensis, 10. 



A. Foliage deciduous. 



B. Capsules tuberculate, depressed-globose, fls. 5- 

 merous. 



1. Americanus, Linn. STRAWBERRY BUSH. Upright 

 shrub, to 8 ft. : Ivs. ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 usually acute at the base, acuminate, crenately serrate, 

 l%-3 in. long: peduncle slender, few-fld. : fls. yellowish 

 or reddish green : fr. pink. June. From southern N. 

 York south, west to Tex. L.B.C. 14:1322. B.B. 2:394. 

 Var. angustifdlius, Wood (E. angustifolius, Pursh). 

 Lvs. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, half -evergreen South. 



2. obovatus, Nutt. (E. Americdnus, var. obovdtus, 

 Torr. & Gray). Procumbent shrub, with rooting stem 

 and erect branches, to 1 ft. : Ivs. obovate or elliptic-obo- 

 vate, crenately serrate, light green, 1-2 in. long : fls. 

 purplish: capsule usually 3-celled. May. From Canada 

 to Indiana and Kentucky. G.F. 9:385. It maybe used 



EUONYMUS 



for covering the ground under large trees, or for bor- 

 ders of shrubberies. Var. variegatus, Hort., has the 

 Ivs. marked pale yellow. 



BB. Capsules smooth: fls. generally 4-merous. 



c. Fr. divided to the base into 4 or less nearly 

 separate pods. 



3. alatus, Maxim. (C. Thunbergidnus, Blume). 

 Spreading shrub, to 8 ft. : branches with 2-4 broad, 

 corky wings : Ivs. elliptic or obovate, acute at both 

 ends, sharply serrate, 1-2 in. long : fls. 1-3, short-pe- 

 duncled, yellowish : capsule purplish, small. May, 

 June. China, Jap. Var. subtriflorus, Franch. & Sav. 

 Branches not winged : fls. 1-5. 



cc. Fruit more or less 3-5-lobed. 

 D. Branches densely warty. 



4. verrucdsus, Scop. Erect shrub, to 6 ft.: Ivs. ovate- 

 lanceolate, crenately serrulate, acuminate, l-2%in. long: 

 fls. slender-peduncled, 1-3, brownish: capsule deeply 4- 

 lobed, yellowish red; seed black, not wholly covered by 

 the orange aril. Southeastern Europe, W. Asia. 



DD. Branches smooth. 

 E. Anthers yellow. 



5. nanus, Bieb. Low shrub, to 2 ft., with slender, often 

 arching or sometimes procumbent and rooting branches : 

 Ivs. linear or linear-oblong, mucronulate, entire or re- 

 motely denticulate and revolute at the margins, >a-l/^in. 

 long: fls. slender-peduncled, purplish: capsule deeply 

 4-lobed, pink ; seed brown, not wholly covered by the 

 orange aril. May, June. W. Asia to W. China. Hand- 

 some shrub for rockeries and rocky slopes, forming a 

 graceful, pendulous, standard tree if grafted high on 

 E. Europceus. Fruit ripens in August, earliest of all 

 species. E. Kobpmanni is a form of this. 



6. Europaeus, Linn. Fig. 790. Erect shrub or some- 

 times small tree, to 20 ft. : Ivs. ovate or oblong-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, crenately serrate, lK-2% in. long : fls. 

 yellowish, in few-fld. cymes : capsule 4-lobed, usually 



790. Euonymus Europaeus (X>a). 



pink. May. Europe to E. Asia. B.B. 2:395. Varying 

 with narrower and broader Ivs. There are also several 

 varieties with variegated Ivs. and some with frs. of dif- 

 ferent colors, as var. fructu atropurpureo with deep 

 purple, friictu coccineo with scarlet, and fructu albo 

 (var. leucocarpa, Hort. ), with whitish frs. Var. atro- 

 purpureus, Arb. Kew., has rather narrow purplish Ivs. 



7. latifdlius, Scop. Shrub or small tree, to 20 ft.: 

 winter buds slender, about % in. long: Ivs. obovate-ob- 

 long, acuminate, crenately serrate, 2-4 in. long: fls. 

 yellowish, often 5-merous, in slender-peduncled, nather 

 many-fld. cymes : capsule pink, large, with winged 

 lobes. S. Europe, W. Asia. B.M. 2384. A very decora- 

 tive species, with handsome foliage and large frs. 



EE. Anthers purple. 

 F. Fls. purple. 



8. atropurpureus, Jacq. BURNING BUSH. Shrub or 

 small tree, to 20 ft. : Ivs. elliptic, acuminate, obtusely 

 serrate, pubescent beneath, 1K-5 in. long : fls. purple, 

 in slender-peduncled, many-fld. cymes: capsule deeply 

 3-4-lobed, scarlet. June. E. N. Amer., west to Montana. 

 B.B. 2:394. E. Americdnus, Hort. 



