FAGUS 



shade of purple, and also some with rosy pink varia- 

 gated Ivs. Var. purpurea pendula, Hort., has purple 

 Ivs. and pendulous branches, but is of slow growth. 

 Var. Zlatia, Spaeth, has yellow foliage. Less important 

 varieties, but sometimes grown, are the following : Var. 

 cristata, Lodd., with deeply toothed, curled, small and 

 clustered Ivs. : of slow growth. Var. incisa, Hort. Simi- 

 lar to var. heterophylla, but Ivs. less 

 deeply cut. Var. macrophylla, Hort. 

 Lvs. large, to 5 in. long. Var. quercoides, 

 Pers. (var. quercifolia, Hort.). With 

 deeply toothed and sinuate, rather nar- 

 row Ivs. Var. tor- 

 XiX taosa, Hort. Dwarf 



form, with twisted 

 and conto'rted 

 A. branches and small 

 Ivs. 



F. Japonica, Maxim. 

 Lvs. small, elliptic, cre- 

 nate : involucre small, 

 slender-peduncled, halt' 

 as long as the nuts. Ja- 

 pan. F. Sieboldi, Endl. 

 Lvs. ovate, shortly acn- 

 niuate, crenate, with 

 9-14 pairs of veins : 

 lower prickles of the 

 involucre changing into 

 slender linear or obo- 

 vate-oblong lobes. W. 

 Asia to Japan. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



FELICIA 



571 



804. Fagus ferrueinea (left), and 

 F. sylvatica(X^). 



Both in Europe and the eastern U. S. the Beech 

 forms extensive forests. It is to-day the common hard- 

 wood tree of Central Europe, particularly in Denmark 

 and Germany, raised as pure growth or mixture. It re- 

 quires a loamy, preferably calcareous soil, shuns poor 

 sand and swamp, ascends to 3,500 ft. in the Alps; pre- 

 fers north and east exposures, endures much shade, 

 protects and improves the soil, and produces large 

 amounts of wood per acre. The wood is heavy (sp. gr. 

 0.65-0.75) hard, straight grained, of close texture, not 

 durable. Beech is not used as building lumber, but is 

 extensively used for ordinary wooden ware, furniture, 

 wheelwright and cooperage stock. p_ ROTH. 



FAIR MAIDS OF FEANCE. 

 nunculus aconitifolius . 



Double forms of Ra- 



FAIEY LILY. Cooper ia pedtmculata. 

 FANWOET. See Cabomba. 

 FAEFUGIUM. See Senecio Kcempferi. 



FATSIA (from a Japanese name). Aralidcece. This 

 genus is doubly interesting as producing the famous 

 rice paper of the Chinese, and two superb rivals of the 

 castor oil plant in bold, subtropical effects, made by 

 large Ivs. which spread out like fingers. Fatsia has 3 

 species of trees or small shrubs belonging to the Panax 

 series, in which the petals are valvate, while in the 

 Aralia series they are more or less overlapping, but the 

 sides affixed at the base. Within the Panax series, 

 'Panax itself has the pedicel articulated under the 

 flower, while in Fatsia and Acanthopanax the pedicel is 

 continuous with the flower. Fatsia is distinguished from 

 the hardier and less familiar but worthy Acanthopanax 

 by the greater length and distinctness of the styles. 



While Fatsias require more care in the North than the 

 hardy Aralias, their massive, subtropical appearance is 

 highly distinct. A perfect specimen is figured in Gar- 

 'dening 5:133, where W. R. Smith says of F. papyrifera: 

 "This plant produces the beautiful substance known as 

 rice paper ; it grows to 10 ft. high, with a stem 4 in. in 

 diam., full of white pith like the elder; in a full-grown 

 specimen the pith is about 1 in. in diam. It is divided 

 into pieces 3 in. long, and by the aid of a sharp instru- 

 ment is unrolled, forming the thin, narrow sheets known 

 as rice paper, greatly used by the Chinese for drawing 

 figures of plants and animals, and also for making arti- 

 ficial flowers. Until about 1850 the source of this sub- 

 stance was unknown to scientists. The Chinese, on in- 



quiry, gave very fanciful figures and descriptions of it. 

 ' It is destined to be a people's plant, as one- 

 half inch of the root will grow and form a good plant 

 the first season. It has survived most winters for the 

 past five years in Washington, D. C." 



As associates in groups of bold-habited plants, F. W. 

 Burbidge (Gn. 45, p. 321) suggests Polygonum Sacha- 

 linense, Chanmrops Fortunei and Rodger sia podo- 

 phylla. For contrast with feathery and cut-leaved foli- 

 age, he suggests bamboos, aucubas, cut-leaved maples 

 and various ivies. For culture of Fatsias as greenhouse 

 plants, see Aralia. The two oriental species are un- 

 armed. F. Jiorrida, from western N. Arner., is a spiny 

 plant cult, abroad. Siebert and Voss declare that most 

 of the plants sold as Fatsia Japonica are Aralia 

 spinosa. These plants like shade. Full simlight for 

 an hour or two in early morning is enough. They 

 should have a shelter-spot, where the wind will not 

 whip their foliage. 



papyrifera,Benth. & Hook. (Aralia papyrifera, Hook. ) . 

 Height 5-7 ft. : branches and young Ivs. covered with 

 stellate, more or less deciduous down: mature Ivs. reach- 

 ing 1 ft. long, cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes acute, serrate ; 

 sinus very deep: fls. inconspicuous, white, in sessile, 

 globose clusters. Formosa. B.M. 4897. A.F. 7:385. 

 Gng. 5:133. Gn. 45, p. 321. 



Jap6nica, Decne. & Planch. (Aralia Japonica, Thunb., 

 not Hort.? A. Sieboldii,Hort.). Lvs. downy at first, 

 finally shining green: fls. in umbels. Jap., China. 

 Abroad are cult, forms with white or golden margins 

 and a form reticulated with gold markings. -^ ]yj 



FEATHEE GEEANIUM. Clienopodium Botrys. 



FEIJOA Sellowiana is considered a promising fruit 

 plant in S. France. The frs. are about 2> in. long, 2 in. 

 thick, and 4-celled. The flesh is thick, white, pulpy and 

 watery, with a sugary taste, resembling the pineapple 

 and the guava, and with a strong, agreeable odor. Int. 

 1890 from La Plata. R.H. 1898:264. G.C. III. 24:451. 

 Gn. 54, p. 208. Order Myrtacece. 



FELICIA (for Herr Felix, a German official). Com- 

 positce. Much like Aster, from which it differs in having 

 pappus bristles in one series, and in other technical 

 characters. Forty to 50 herbs or subshrubs in Afr. 



805. Good specimen of Purple Beech Fagus sylvatica, 

 var. purpurea. 



amellodes, Voss, (Cineraria amelloldes, Linn. Aster 

 rotundifbllus , Thunb. A. Capensis, Less. Agafhcea 

 rcelestis, Cass.- B. rot^lndif^lia , Ness. A. amelloldes, 



