FORESTRY 



FORSYTHIA 



603 



esthetic and sporting elements in man, as game pre- 

 serves and parks luxury forests. Any two or all three 

 objects may be attained simultaneously in the same for- 

 est. In the end, and in a more limited sense, Forestry 

 is the art and business of making money from the grow- 

 ing of wood crops, just as agriculture and horticulture 

 are finally concerned in producing values from food 

 crops. In the economy of agriculture, wood -crops may 

 be grown on land which is too poor for field crops. 



This art is divided into two distinct and more or less 

 independent branches, namely silviculture, the techni- 

 cal branch, and forest regulation, the business branch. 

 Silviculture is a branch of the larger 

 subject arboriculture, and comprises 

 all the knowledge and skill applied in 

 producing the wood crop, relying 

 mainly on natural sciences. While 

 horticulture and silviculture have both 

 to deal with trees, their object and with 

 it their treatment of trees 

 are totally different : the 

 orchardist works for the 

 fruit of the tree, the land- 

 scape gardener for the 

 pleasing form; in both 

 cases the object is at- 

 tained by the existence 

 of the tree and its single 

 individual development; 

 the forester is after the 

 substance of the tree, the 

 wood ; his object is finally 

 only attained by the re- 

 moval of the tree itself. 

 He deals with masses of 

 trees ratherthan individ- 

 uals: it is logs in quan- 

 tity and of desirable 

 quality, clear of knots, 

 not trees, that he is work- 

 ing for; hence, his treat- 

 ment differs from that of 

 the horticulturist. Since 

 his crop takes many 

 years to mature, some- 

 times a century and 

 more, in order to carry on 

 a continuous Forestry 

 business, from which to 

 secure annual returns, 

 special arrangements pe- 

 culiar to this business 

 must be made: these ar- 

 rangements, naturally in- 

 fluenced by the economic 

 conditions of the coun- 

 try, form the subject of 

 forest regulation. 



The horticulturist, a 

 such, is mainlyinterested 

 in the rational treatment 

 of such forests as have 

 a protective value, in- 

 fluencing climatic, soil 

 and water conditions in 

 general and locally. 



B. E. FEKNOW. 



FORGET - ME - NOT. 



Myosotis. 



FORSYTHIA (after 

 William Forsyth, promi- 

 nent English horticultur- 

 ist, director of the royal 

 garden at Kensington, 

 1737-1804). Oledcece. 

 GOLDEN BELL. Highly 



ornamental, free-flowering shrubs, with opposite, 

 simple or ternate Ivs. and showy yellow fls., borne in 

 great profusion along the slender branches in early 

 spring. One of the showiest early-flowering shrubs, 



with handsome, clean foliage, remarkably free from in- 

 sects or fungi, and remaining unchanged until late in 

 fall. The upright forms are well adapted for the borders 

 of shrubberies and the pendulous form for covering 

 walls, fences, arbors or porches. They grow in almost 



857. Flowers of Forsythia 

 viridissima. Nat. size. 



858, Forsythia viridissima (X 



any kind of garden soil, and are hardy North. Prop. 

 readily by greenwood and hardwood cuttings ; also by 

 seeds. The branches of the pendulous form often take 

 root at the tips when touching the ground, and send 

 forth vigorous shoots, like some brambles or the walk- 

 ing-fern. Two species in China, much cult, in Japan , and 

 one recently discovered in southeastern Europe. Low 

 shrubs, glabrous throughout, with slender, quadrangu- 

 lar branches and opposite, serrate Ivs. : fls. 1-3, axillary, 

 pedicelled ; calyx and corolla deeply 4-lobed, lobes of the 

 corolla oblong, longer than the campanulate tube ; sta- 

 mens 2, included : fr. a 2-celled, dehiscent capsule, 

 with many winged seeds. 



susp6nsa, Vahl. Shrub, to 8 ft., but the branches 

 often lopping on the ground and taking root : Ivs. 

 broad -ovate or oblong-ovate, serrate, 3-4 in. long : fls. 

 1-3, about 1 in. long, golden yellow, tube striped orange- 

 yellow within ; calyx about as long as tube : capsule 

 ovate, about 1 in. long. China. S.Z. 3. -Two varieties 

 fan be distinguished. Var. Sieboldi, Zabel ( F. Sieboldi, 

 Dipp.). Fig. 855. Low shrub, with very slender, pen- 

 dulous or trailing branches: Ivs. mostly simple, broad- 

 ovate or ovate. B.M. 4995. F.S. 12:1253. Gn. 33, p. 563. 

 A. G. 13:94. G.F. 4:79. Var. Fdrtunei, Rehder (F. F6r- 

 tunei, Lindl. ) . Fig. 856. Of more vigorous growth, with 

 upright or arching branches : Ivs. often ternate, ovate or 

 oblong-ovate : corolla with more narrow and twisted seg- 

 ments. R.H. 1861 :291. F. suspensa is an excellent shrub 

 for the margins of groups, because it finally rolls over 

 and meets the greensward. It can also be trained over an 

 arbor. Less common than F. viridissima, but better. 



intermedia, Zabel (F. suspensa x viridissima). 

 Shrub, with slender, erect or arching branches : Ivs. 

 ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate, coarsely- 

 serrate, 3-4 in. long: fls. almost like those of F. sus- 

 pensa Fortunei. Gt. 1885:1182 and 40: p. 397. -Of ten 

 confounded with forms of F. suspensa. In foliage it 

 resembles much the following, which has the Ivs. nar- 

 rower,- always simple, usually serrate only above the 

 middle, with smaller teeth. It is as hardy as F. sus- 

 pensa and very floriferous. 



viridissima, Lindl. Figs. 857, 858. Shrub, to 10 ft., 

 with green, erect branches : Ivs. oblong-lanceolate or 



