626 



GARCINIA 



GARDENIA 



is usually regarded as a consummate achievement in 

 the art of gardening. 



Mangostana, Linn. MANGOSTEEX. Fig. 893. Height 

 20 ft.: 1 vs. 7-8 in. long, elliptic: fls. reddish; petals 4: 

 fr. about 2% in. in diam. B.M. 4847. L.B.C. 9:845. F.S. 

 22:2359. G.C. II. 4:657. 



Morella, Desr. GAMBOGE TREE. Height 30-50 ft. : Ivs. 

 more tapering at both ends: fls. yellowish: fr. resem- 

 bling a Morello cherry in size and shape. ^r. ]\j 



The Mangosteen is a native of the Malay peninsula 

 and archipelago. It is cultivated, and bears 'fruit in 

 some parts of Ceylon and in a few spots in the Madras 

 Presidency, but no success has been obtained in its cul- 

 tivation in other parts of India. DeCandolle, in his Ori- 

 gin of Cultivated Plants," says: "Among cultivated 

 plants it is one of the most local, both in its origin, habi- 

 tation and cultivation." In the West 

 Indies it is successfully cultivated in 

 Trinidad and Jamaica, but only in 

 spots where the climate is moist, hot 

 and fairly equable all through the 

 year ; for instance, in the Jamaica 

 Botanic Gardens it bears good crops of 

 fair-sized fruit at Castleton, in a val- 



893. The Mangosteen 

 Garcinia Mangostana. 



(XX.) 



One of the choicest 

 tropical fruits. 



\F 



ley on the north side, with a mean temperature of 76 F. 

 and an annual rainfall of 113 inches, whereas attempts 

 to grow it have failed at Hope Gardens, in the Liguanea 

 plain of the south side, with a mean temperature of 72 

 and an annual rainfall of 52 inches. Experience in 

 southern India is much the same; it will grow only in 

 valleys, not in the open plains. In England the tree 

 has been grown in hothouses and the fruit ripened suc- 

 cessfully. 



The Gamboge Tree is much more widely distributed, 

 being native throughout India, Ceylon, Malaya and 

 Siam. As one might expect, its cultivation is easy, as it 

 stands a considerable amount of variation of moisture 

 and heat. In Jamaica it has become naturalized in some 

 parts of the wetter districts. -^r M P AW CETT. 



GARDEN and GARDENING. The word Garden 

 etymologically means an inclosed space, and Garden- 

 ing is. therefore, distinguished from agriculture by be- 

 ing carried on within an inclosure of some kind instead 

 of in the open fields. Gardening operations are Tisually 



conducted on a smaller scale than those of agriculture, 

 and by more intensive methods. Gardening and horti- 

 culture are really synonymous terms, but, by usage, a 

 horticulturist is supposed to have a more extended 

 training and wider range of activities than a gardener. 

 Moreover, the word Gardening now suggests more of 

 the private, homelike and personal point of view, 

 whereas the most distinctive feature of American hor- 

 ticulture is the immense commercial importance of 

 fruit-growing on a greater scale than that of Old World 

 Gardening, and a marked emphasis of the professional 

 side of a fruit-grower's work. The history and discus- 

 sion of Gardening are, therefore, set forth in this book 

 under Horticulture. Large private places are often 

 divided into Fruit Garden, Kitchen Garden and Flower 

 Garden. Fruit-growing is the same as Pomology 

 (which see). Kitchen -Gardening, in its widest sense, is 

 the same as Vegetable-Gardening (which see), or the 

 more learned word, Olericulture; but the expression 

 Kitchen-Gardening is now less common, and generally 

 indicates the private and uncommercial point of view, 

 whereas Market-Gardening and Truck-Gardening 

 (which are practically the same) are now the chief 

 words used for the wholesale and commercial side of 

 Vegetable-Gardening in the U. S. Flower-Gardening, a 

 third primary division of Garden- 

 ing, is the same as Floriculture 

 (which see). Under Ornamental 

 Gardening and Landscape Garden- 

 ing are explained the two different 

 points of view in the use of plants 

 and flowers for their 

 own sakes or when 

 grouped for artistic 

 effects, the nature- 

 like or picturesque 

 conception being set 

 forth under Land- 

 scape Gardening, and 

 the artificial or mere- 

 ly decorative styles 

 under Ornamental 

 Gardening. America 

 being the only coun- 

 try where cut-flowers 



are commercially more important at present than 

 the trade in potted plants, a special article is de- 

 voted to Cut-flowers in this work. Other depart- 

 ments of Ornamental Gardening are treated un- 

 der Greenhouse Management, Alpine Gardens 

 (including Rock Gardens), Aqua'tics (including 

 Bog Gardens), Trees, Shrubs, Herbaceous Per- 

 ennials and Annuals. 



GARDENER'S GARTER. Arundo Donax, 

 var. variegata, and PJialaris arundinacea, var. 

 picta. 



GARDENIA (after Alexander Garden, M.D., of Charles 

 ton, S.C., a correspondent of Linnaeus). Jtubidcece. Thi 

 includes the Cape Jasmine, a tender shrub 2-6" ft. hi 

 with thick, evergreen foliage and large double, w 

 Camellia-like, fragrant fls. It blooms from May to Se 

 in the South, where it is often used for hedges, and is 

 hardy as far north as Va. In the middle of the century 

 the Cape Jasmine was considered one of the finest stove 

 shrubs in cultivation, but with the waning popularity of 

 Camellias the doom of the Cape Jasmine as a conserva- 

 tory plant was sealed. The Camellia has a greater range 

 of color, and has had hundreds of varieties, while its 

 scented rival has had barely a dozen. The flowers of the 

 Cape Jasmine have never been so perfectly regial a r as 

 those of a Camellia, and the plants are very subject to 

 insect enemies. Their bloom is successional rather than 

 close, and large plants are therefore not so showy as 

 Camellias. They aro considerably grown abroad for c 

 fls. in early spring, young plants a season or two old 

 ing used for best results. The variety with variegat 

 foliage is dwarfer and weaker growing. The true bota 

 cal name of the Cape Jasmine is G. jasmin oldest 

 name almost never used in the trade. "Cape Jasmin 

 itself is one of the most remarkable cases of the vitali 

 of an erroneous popular name. Thesinele-fld. form 



ies- 



1 



