630 



GAURA 



GAZANIA 



A. Height 3 ft.: fls. white. 



Lindheimeri, Engelm. & Gray. Lvs. lanceolate, with 

 a few wavy teeth and recurved margins. Tex. G.W.F. 

 23. R.H. 1851:41, and 1857, p. 262. 



A. Height 1 ft.: fls. rosy, turning to scarlet. 

 coccinea, Nutt. Lvs. numerous, lanceolate to linear, 

 repand-denticulate or entire: fls. in spikes: fr. 4-sided. 

 Tex. W. M. 



GAYLUSSACIA (after J. L. Gaylussac, eminent 

 French chemist; died 1850). Syn., Adnaria. Ericacew, 

 tribe Vacciniece. Evergreen or deciduous shrubs with 

 alternate, short-petioled, entire or serrate Ivs., white, 

 red, or reddish green fls. in lateral racemes, and blue or 

 black mostly edible fruits. The deciduous species are 

 hardy North, but are of little decorative value, while the 

 evergreen species, all, except the half-hardy G. brachy- 

 cera, inhabitants of the S. American mountains, are 

 often very ornamental in foliage and fls., but tender and 

 hardly cultivated in this country. They grow best in 

 peaty or sandy soil and shaded situations. Prop, by 

 seeds, layers or division; the evergreen species by cut- 

 tings of half-ripened wood under glass. See also Vac- 

 cinium for cult. About 40 species in N. and S. America, 

 closely allied to Vaccinium, distinguished by the 10- 

 celled ovary, each cell with one ovule. 



A. Lvs. evergreen, obtusely serrate. 



brachycera, Gray. Low shrub, with creeping and as- 

 cending stem and spreading angled glabrous branches: 

 Ivs. oval, glabrous, %-l in. long : racemes short, with 

 few white or pinkish fls. : fr. black. May, June. Pa. 

 to Va. B.M. 928. L.B.C. 7:648 (as Vaccinium buxi- 

 folium ) . 



AA. Lvs. deciduous, entire. 

 B. Fls. in loose racemes: corolla campanulate. 



dumdsa, Torr. & Gray. Shrub, to 2 ft., with creeping 

 stem and almost erect, somewhat hairy and glandular 

 branches : Ivs. obovate-oblong to oblanceolate, mucro- 

 nate, shining above, leathery, 1-2 in. long: fls. white or 

 pinkish ; bracts foliaceous and persistent : fr. black, 

 usually pubescent, rather insipid. May, June. New- 

 foundland to Fla. and La. B.M. 1106 (as Vaccinium). 



fronddsa, Torr. & Gray. BLUE HUCKLEBERRY. DAN- 

 GLEBERRY. TANGLEBERRY. Shrub, to 6 ft., with spread- 

 ing, usually glabrous branches: Ivs. oblong or oval- 

 obovate, obtuse or emarginate, pale green above, whitish 

 beneath, membranaceous, 1-2 in. long: fls. slender-pedi- 

 celled ; corolla broadly campanulate, greenish purple: 

 fr. blue, with glaucous bloom, sweet. May, June. N. 

 H. to. Fla., west to Ky., preferring moist, peaty soil. 

 Em. 2:451. G.C. III. 7:580. 



ursina, Torr. & Gray. Shrub, to 4 ft., with somewhat 

 pubescent, spreading branches: Ivs. obovate to oblong, 

 acuminate, membranaceous, 2-4 in. long : fls. white or 

 pinkish: fr. finally black, insipid. May, June. N. and 

 S. Carolina. Harlan P. Kelsey writes of this species: 

 "Shrub 2-6 ft. high; very local in a few counties in 

 southwestern North Carolina, though common in these 

 stations. Locally it is known as 'Buckberry,' a name 

 given by the native mountaineers from the fact that 

 deer feed on the very abundant clustered fruit in late 

 summer. The berries are much used for pies and jams, 

 and have a most peculiar and pleasant acid flavor, un- 

 like any other Vaccinium. It promises to be a valuable 

 addition to our garden fruits." 



BB. Fls. in short, sessile racemes: corolla ovate. 

 resindsa, Torr. & Gray. Erect shrub, to 3 ft., resinous 

 when young : Ivs. oval or oblong-lanceolate, mucronu- 

 late, yellowish green above, pale beneath, 1-1% in. long: 

 fls. short-pedicelled, nodding, reddish: fr. black, rarely 

 white, sweet. May, June. Newfoundland to Ga., west 

 to Wis. and Ky., preferring sandy or rocky soil. Em. 

 451. B.M. 1288 (as Vaccinium). 



G.Pseudo -Vaccinium, Cham. & Schlecht. Evergreen, usually 

 glabrous shrub, to 3 ft., with elliptic, entire Ivs. and red fls. in 

 seeund, many-fld. racemes. Brazil. B.R. 30:62. R.H. 1845:285. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



GAZANIA (after Theodore of Gaza, 1393-1478, trans- 

 lator of Aristotle and Theophrastus). Composite. This 

 group contains some of the finest of the subshrubby com- 

 posites from the Cape of Good Hope. They have an aston- 

 ishing range of color, pure white, yellow, orange, scarlet, 

 and the backs of the rays are in some cases rich purple, 

 and even azure-blue. Their foliage is often densely woolly 

 beneath, and the range of form is amazing. Speaking of 

 G. uniflora, Harvey says : "Frequently all the. Ivs. are 

 quite simple; in other specimens some Ivs. are deeply 

 3-lobed, the rest simple, and in our var. pinnata, which 

 grows intermixed with the other varieties, the upper 

 Ivs. are quite simple, the lower either 3-lobed or pin- 

 nately 5-7-lobed, all on the same branch!" The group 

 is also remarkable for the spots near the base of the 

 rays of G. Pavonia and some others. These markings 

 suggest the eyes of a peacock's tail. The plants are 

 also remarkable for their behavior at night, when they 

 close their fls. and turn their foliage enough to make 

 the woolly under sides of the Ivs. more conspicuous. The 

 genus has 24-30 species, which are herbaceous, mostly 

 perennial, rarely annual, with short stems or none : Ivs. 

 crowded at the crown of the root, or scattered along the 

 stem : involucral scales in 2 or several rows, cup-like 

 at the base : akenes wingless, villous : pappus in 2 

 series of very delicate, scarious, toothed scales, often 

 hidden in the wool of the akene. Harvey in Flora Capen- 

 sis 3:471. N. E. Brown in Gn. 47, p.. 288. 



Gazanias are now rarely met with in some of the oldest- 

 fashioned florists' establishments. Few of the more 

 prominent firms keep them now, and they may be said to 

 be practically out of cultivation in America. All the 

 kinds described below are old garden favorites abroad, 

 particularly G. rigens, a common bedding plant, cult, for 

 nearly a century and a half, but whose precise habitat 

 has never been ascertained. Importers are urged to 

 procure (from the Cape if necessary) the other kinds 

 recommended by Brown, at least the perennial sorts, 

 which are G. jurinece folia, subulata, longiscapa, uni- 

 flora, var. leucolcena (exceptionally woolly on both sides 

 of the Ivs.), rigens, var. purpurea, armerioides and 

 ccespitosa. These are presumably equally desirable with 

 the older sorts, though not necessarily of, the same ease 

 of culture. G. montana, Spreng., anew species, may be 

 expected in American trade in 1900. It has yellow fls., 

 and is figured in Gt. 48, p. 584. Of the annual kinds 

 Brown recommends G. Burchellla, Lichtensteini and 

 tenuifolia. Gazanias are amongst the most conspicuous 

 and characteristic of the subshrubby composites at the 

 Cape, being brilliant objects in the sandy wastes. They 

 are said to be of easy culture in our cool greenhouses, 

 and are commended for summer use in the borders of 

 those who can keep them under glass in winter. They 

 can be rapidly prop, in midsummer by cuttings made 

 from the side shoots near the base arid placed in a close 

 frame. 



A. Color of heads yellow. 

 B. Rays not spotted : heads 2 in. across. 



uniflora, Sims. Stems spreading 6-12 in. or more from 

 a center: Ivs. varying as mentioned above. The woolli- 

 ness also varies greatly: sometimes the whole plant is 

 snowy white ; sometimes the whiteness is confined to 

 the under sides of the Ivs. B.M. 2270. L.B.C. 8:795. 

 The involucre is woolly, according to Harvey, but the 

 pictures cited do not show it. This and G. rigens have 

 short stems, with branches alternately leafy, while G. 

 mnnata, Pavonia and pygmcea have little or no stem, 

 and the Ivs. radical or tufted at the ends of the short 

 branches. 



BB. Rays spotted at base: heads 3 in. or more across. 

 pinnata, Less. Lvs. commonly pinnate ( some simple) ; 

 lobes oblong or linear in several pairs : peduncle longer 

 than Ivs. : involucral scales acuminate, particularly the 

 inner ones. Harvey names 6 botanical varieties. 

 AA. Color of heads orange : rays spotted at base : 



heads 3 in. or more across. 

 B. Lvs. mostly entire and spatulate. 

 c. J3asal markings containing brown. 

 rigens, R. Br. Stems short and densely leafy or dif- 

 fuse, laxly leafy, with ascending branches: Ivs. some- 

 times sparingly pinnatifid, i. e., with only 1 or 2 side 



