632 



GENISTA 



GENTIANA 



leafless : Ivs. small, simple or rarely 3-foliolate, generally 

 linear or linear-spatulate, silky: fls. white, fragrant, in 

 short lateral racemes ; corolla silky ; calyx purple : pod 

 broadly oval, 1-2-seeded. Feb. -April. Spain, N. Afr. 

 B.M. 683. 



AA. Color of fls. yellow. 



B. Twigs striped, not winged. 



0. Pod globular, indehiscent, 1-seeded. 



sphaerocarpa, Lam. Similar to the 

 former, but lower and less silky, almost 

 leafless: fls. yellow, very small, in nu- 

 merous panicled racemes ; corolla gla- 

 brous. May, June. Spain, N. Afr. 



cc. Pod oval to linear, dehiscent. 



D. Branches almost leafless at flowering 

 season or Ivs. very small and scarce. 



E. Fls. in terminal heads, sessile. 



umbellata, Poir. Erect shrub, to 2 

 feet, with rigid branches, forming a 

 dense bush: Ivs. simple or 3-foliolate, 

 lanceolate or linear -lanceolate, silky, 

 %-% in. long: corolla silky, over %in. 

 long: pod linear-oblong, tomentose, 2-5- 

 seeded. April, May. Spain. 



EE. Fls. in racemes, pedicelled. 



ephedroides, DC. Erect shrub, to 3 ft., 

 with rigid branches : Ivs. sessile, sim- 

 ple or 3-foliolate, linear, almost gla- 

 brous: fls. in many-fld. terminal racemes, 

 small ; standard much shorter than keel : 

 pod oval, 1-seeded, silky. April, May. 

 Sardinia, Corsica. 



^tn6nsis, DC. Shrub, to 6 ft., with 

 slender branches : Ivs. simple, small, 

 linear, silky: fls. axillary, forming loose, 

 terminal racemes, fragrant; keel shorter 

 than the standard : pod glabrous at ma- 

 turity, oblique-oval, 1-2-seeded. June, 

 July. Sicily, Sardinia. B.M. 2674. 



DD. Branches leafy, with conspicuous 

 Ivs. (only G. virgata sometimes 

 scarcely leafy). 



E. Spiny. 



fdrox, Poir. Erect shrub, to 6 ft., 

 with many stout spines: Ivs. simple, 

 rarely 3-foliolate, oblong to obovate, al- 

 most glabrous : fls. in numerous termi- 

 nal racemes along the branches; 

 corolla glabrous, over % in. long, 

 fragrant : pod linear, densely silky, 

 many-seeded. Spring. N. Africa. 

 B.R. 5:368. 



Germanica, Linn. Erect or 

 ascending spiny shrub, to 2 ft., 

 with villous branches: Ivs. elliptic- 

 oblong, ciliate : fls. small, in 1-2 in. 

 long racemes : pod oval, villous, few- 

 seeded. June, July. M. and S. Eu- 

 rope. 



EE. Not spiny: Ivs. always simple. 

 p. Fls. in racemes: erect shrubs. 

 G. Frt. villous or silky, 1-4-seeded. 



896 Dyer's Green virgata, Link. (Spdrtium virgd- 



weed'-Genista tinctoria, *m, L'Hr.). Shrub, to 8 ft with 



(XV) slender branches : Ivs. lanceolate to 



elliptic, silky-villous, J-% in.long: 



fls. in numerous short, 3-6-fld. racemes; standard and 

 keel silky: pod oblong, 1-3-seeded, villous. May, July. 

 Madeira. B.M. 2265. 



f!6rida, Linn. Erect shrub, to 6 ft., with glabrous 

 striped branches : Ivs. spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, 

 silky beneath, %-% in. long: fls. in dense, many-fld. 

 racemes ; corolla glabrous : pod oblong or narrow-oblong 

 silky, 2-4-seeded. April-July. Spain. 



GG. Frt. glabrous or nearly so, 3-10-seeded. 



polygalaefdlia, DC. Erect shrub, to 6 ft., with some- 

 what silky branches: Ivs. spatulate-oblong, glabrous 

 above, sparingly silky beneath, %-%in. long: fls. in 

 many-fld. slender racemes ; standard and wings gla- 

 brous, keel silky: pod oblong or narrow-oblong, almost 

 glabrous, 3-6-seeded. May-July. Spain. 



tinctdria, Linn. DYER'S GBEENWEED. Fig. 896. Erect 

 shrub, to 3 ft., with striped, glabrous or slightly pubes- 

 cent branches: Ivs. oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 

 almost glabrous, ciliate, K-l in. long: racemes many- 

 fld., panicled at the ends of branches: corolla glabrous : 

 pod narrow-oblong, glabrous or slightly pubescent, 6-10- 

 seeded. June- Aug. Europe, W. Asia: naturalized in 

 some places E. B.B. 2:271. 



Var. plena, Hort. With double fls. Var. virgata, Mert. 

 & Koch ( G. virgdta, Willd., not Link, not Lam. G. eldta, 

 Wender. ). Of more vigorous growth, to 6 ft. high: 

 pod 3-6-seeded. Southeast Eu. 



PF. Fls. axillary: dwarf, procumbent shrub. 

 pildsa, Linn. Dwarf, procumbent or ascending: Ivs. 

 cuneate, oblong or obovate, dark green and almost gla- 

 brous above, silky beneath: fls. axillary, 1-2, often race- 

 mose toward the end of branches : pod linear, silky, 

 5-8-seeded. May, June. M. and S. Eu., W. Asia. 



BB. Twigs broadly %-winged. 



sagittalis, Linn. (Cytisus sagittalis, Mert. & Koch). 

 Dwarf, procumbent, with ascending or erect, mostly 

 simple branches: Ivs. ovate to oblong, villous: fls. in 

 terminal, short racemes ; corolla glabrous : pod linear- 

 oblong, silky. May, June. Eu., W. Asia. 



G. alba, Lam.=Cytisus albus. G. Andredna, Puissant=Cyti- 

 sus scoparius, var. Andreanus. G. Anglica, Linn. Spiny 

 shrub, to 3 ft., sometimes procumbent, glabrous: Ivs. oval to 

 linear-oblong, bluish green : racemes few-fld. M. Europe. G. 

 Anxdntica, Ten. Allied to G. tinctoria. Dwarf, diffuse : Ivs. 

 elliptic, obtuse, glabrous: fls. in racemes. Italy. S.B. F.G. 

 2:266. G. aspalatholdes, Lam. Low, spiny shrub: Ivs. simple 

 or 3-foliolate : fls. 1-3, axillary, forming loose, terminal ra- 

 cemes: pod many-seeded. N. Africa. G. Canariensis, Linn.= 

 Cytisus Canariensis. G. cdncZicans,Linn.=Cytisus candicans. 

 G. eldta, Wender. = G. tinctoria, var. virgata. G. Hispdnica, 

 Linn. Allied to G. Germanica. Dwarf, silky: fls. in head-like, 

 short racemes. Hardy in western N. Y., flowering after the mid- 

 dle of May. A spiny plant with oblong Ivs. L.B. 0.18:1738. R.H. 

 1888:36. G.juncea, Lam. =Spartium junceum. G. Maderensis, 

 Wbb.=Cytisus Maderensis. G. ovdta, Waldst. & Kit. Allied to 

 G. tinctoria. To 1 ft. ,with ascending or erect branches : Ivs. ovate 

 to lanceolate, villous : pod villous. S.E.Eu. L.B. C. 5:482. 

 G. polygalosfolia, Hort., not DC.=G. tinctoria. G. prostrdta, 

 Lam.=Cytisus decumbens. G. racembsa, Hprt.=Cytisus race- 

 mosus. G. radidta, Scop. Erect shrub, with 'opposite rigid 

 branches: Ivs. simple or 3-foliolate: fls. in 3-6-fld. heads: pod 

 oval, silky. S. E. Europe. B. M. 2260. G. Retdma, Nichols.= 

 G. monosperma. G. scaribsa, Viv.=G. triangularis. G. sco- 

 pdria, Lam.=Cytisus scoparius. G. Sibirica, Hort., not Linn.= 

 G. tinctoria. G. triangularis, Willd. Dwarf, with ascending 

 or procumbent triangular branches, glabrotis: Ivs. obovate to 

 lanceolate, with transparent margin: fls. in short racemes. 

 Italy, S.E.Eu. L. B.C. 12:1135 (as G. scariosa). G. virgata, 

 Willd., not Lam., not Link, nor DC.=G. tinctoria, var. virgata. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



GENTIANA (after Gentius, king of lllyricum, who is 

 said to have discovered the tonic value of these plants). 

 Gentiandcece. Gentians are amongst the most desirable 

 of alpine plants, and of blue flowers in general, but 

 they are generally considered difficult to establish. The 

 genus is the largest in the order, and from a garden 

 point of view the most important. About 180 species, 

 widely scattered in temperate and mountainous regions. 

 Chiefly perennial herbs, rarely annual or biennial, often 

 dwarf, diffuse or tufted, sometimes erect and slender, 

 or even tall and stout : Ivs. opposite, mostly sessile: 

 fls. blue, violet, purple, rarely dull yellow or white ; floraj 

 parts typically 5, rarely 4-7. 



The Blue Gentian, celebrated by tourists in the Alps, 

 is probably mostly the stemless Gentian, G. acaulis. 

 This was brought to English gardens so long ago that 

 all record of its introduction is lost. It is by far the 

 most popular kind in cultivation. This species is by 

 some split into 5 distinct species, of which G. angusti- 

 folia of Villars (not Michaux) is nearest to the Gentian - 

 ella of English gardens. It has been so much modified 

 in cultivation that it now has stems 4-6 inches high, and 



