650 



GLAUCIUM 



GLEDITSCHIA 



915. Glauciurn luteum. 



ennials, a few of which are grown for their large poppy- 

 like fls. and glaucous-blue foliage. Sepals 2: petals 4: 

 stamens many: ovary with 2 (rarely 3) cells, the stigmas 

 miter-shaped, the fruit becoming a long silique-like 

 capsule: Ivs. alternate, lobed or 

 dissected. Glauciums are low, 

 branchy herbs, often somewhat 

 succulent, with large fls., mostly 

 yellow or orange, but varying 

 to red and purple. The fls. are 

 usually short-lived, but they are 

 borne in rapid succession. They 

 are well adapted for foliage ef- 

 fects in borders or edgings. Of 

 easy culture in any good soil. 

 They prefer an open, sunny 

 situation. Mostly prop, by seed, 

 but the perennial kinds by di- 

 vision; however, the perennials 

 are short-lived, and usually had 

 best be treated as biennials; 

 they should be grown from seed. 



luteum, Scop. (G. fldvum, DC.). Figs. 915, 916. Stems 

 stout, 1-2 ft., pubescent : radical Ivs. 2-pinnate and 

 hairy, the upper clasping and sinuate-pinnatifid : fls. 

 generally solitary, on long stems, 2-3 in. across, yellow 

 or orange. Eu. Sparingly naturalized E. Perennial or 

 biennial; sometimes grown as an annual. 



corniculatum, Curt. (G. phoeniceum, Gaert. G. ru- 

 brum, Hort. ). Lower: radical Ivs. pinnatifld, pubescent, 

 the upper ones sessile and truncate at the base : fls. red 

 or purplish, with a black spot at the base of each petal. 

 Eu. Mostly annual. G. Fischeri, Hort., is probably a 

 form of this. j,. jj j^ 



GLAZlOVA. See Cocos insignis 

 GLtCHOMA. See Nepeta. 



GLEDITSCHIA (after Gottlieb Gleditsch, director of 

 the botanic garden at Berlin; died 1780). Syn Gledit- 

 sia. Legwminosce. HONEY LOCUST. Ornamental decid- 

 uous trees, often with large branched spines on trunk 

 and branches : branches spreading, forming a broad 

 graceful rather loose head, with flnely pinnate foliage, 

 generally light green and turning clear yellow in fall; 

 the greenish fls. appearing in racemes early in summer 

 are inconspicuous, but the large, flat pods are ornamen- 



916, Glaucium luteum (X%). 



tal and the fertile tree is therefore to be preferred 

 for planting. G. triacanthos is a useful native. G. 

 Japonica and G. ferox are almost hardy North. They 

 are very valuable trees for park planting and for ave- 

 nues, and make almost impenetrable hedges if planted 

 thickly and pruned severely. The coarse-grained wood 

 is durable and strong. The pulp of the pods of G. tri- 

 acanthos is sweet when fresh, hence the name Honey 

 Locust, but becomes bitter at length ; in Japan it has 

 been used as a substitute for soap. The Gleditschias are 

 of vigorous growth and thrive in almost any soil. Prop. 



by seeds sown in spring about 1 in. deep, they should be 

 soaked in hot water before being sown; varieties and 

 rare kinds are sometimes grafted on seedlings of G. tri- 

 acanthos in spring. About 10 species in N. America, 

 Asia and Africa. Lvs. alternate, abruptly pinnate, often 

 partly bipinnate on the same leaf, or wholly bipinnate, 

 both usually on the same tree : fls. polygamous ; calyx 

 lobes and petals 3-5, stamens 6-10 : pod compressed, 

 mostly large and indehiscent, 1-many-seeded. 



A. Pod thin - walled : Ivs. pinnate with more thai 

 12 Ifts., or bipinnate. 



triacanthos, Linn. HONEY or SWEET LOCUST. THI 

 THOBNED ACACIA. Fig. 917. Tree, 70-140 ft., usual 

 with stout simple or branched spines 3-4 in. long: li 

 6-8 in. long, w r ith pubescent grooved rachis ; pinm 

 with 20-30 Ifts., bipinnate with 8-14 pinnae; Ifts. obloi 

 lanceolate, remotely crenulate-serrate, %-!_% in. lonj 

 fls. very short-pedicelled in l%-3 in. long, narrow 

 cemes: pod 12-18 in. long, 

 slightly falcate and twisted 

 at length. May, June. From 

 Pa. south to Miss., west to 

 Neb. and Tex. S. S. 3:125, 

 126. -Var. inermis, DC. Un- 

 armed or nearly so, of some- 

 what more slender and looser 

 habit. Var. Bujoti, Hort. 

 (G. Bujbti pendula, Hort.). 

 With slender, pendulous 

 branches and narrower Ifts. 



Jap6nica, Miq. Tree, 60-70 

 ft., with somewhat coir- 

 pressed, often branched 

 spines, 2-4 in. long: Ivs. 10- 

 12 in. long, with grooved and 

 slightly winged, puberulous 

 rachis, pinnate with 16-24 

 Ifts., bipinnate with &T2 

 pinnae; Ifts. ovate to oblong- 

 nearly lanceolate, obtuse, 

 entire or remotely crenulate, 

 lustrous above, %-2 in. long: 

 fls. short-pedicelled, ""in slen- 

 der racemes : pod 10-12 in. 

 long, twisted, bullate, with 

 the seeds near the middle; 

 pulp acid. Japan, China. 

 G.F. 6: 165. -Var. purpurea, 

 Rehd.(6r. Sinensis, var. pur- 

 purea, Loud. G. coccinea, Hort. G. Sinensis, var. ori- 

 entdlis, Hort. ) . Lfts. broadly oval to oblong-oval, obtuse 

 or emarginate, K-1% in. on the pinnate, smaller on the 

 bipinnate Ivs. 



ferox, Desf. Tree, with compressed, large, usually 

 branched spines: Ivs. with grooved, almost glabrous 

 rachis, usually bipinnate; pinnae 6-10, with many Ifts.; 

 Ifts. ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, minutely and 

 remotely crenulate, %-!% in. long. China. Often cult, 

 under the name G. macracantha, Sinensis var. Japonica 

 and horrida and usually referred to G. Sinensis, but 

 seems more closely allied to G. Japonica. Var. nana, 

 Hort., is a shrubby, often less spiny form. 



AA. Pod thick - walled : Ivs. pinnate, with 4-12 Ifts. 



rarely bipinnate. 



Sinensis, Lam. Tree, to 40 ft., with stout conical of 

 branched spines: Ivs. 5-7 in. long, with grooved put 

 cent rachis, and 8-18 Ifts.; Ifts. ovate or oblong-ovate, 

 obtuse or acute, crenulate-serrate, reticulate beneath, 

 %-2 in. long: fls. distinctly pedicelled, in slender r 

 cemes: pod almost straight, thick, 4-7 in. long, 1-1^ 

 broad. China. 



G. aqudtica, Marsh. (G. monosperma, Walt. G. inermis, Mil 

 not Linn.). WATER or SWAMP LOCUST. Tree, to 60 ft , wi 

 mostly simple spines: Ivs. pinnate, with 12-18 ovate-obloi 

 crenulate Ifts., or bipinnate, with 6-8 pinnae: pod thin, elli 

 tic, 1-seeded, 1-2 in. long. From Carolina south, west to Texj 

 S.S. 3:127-28. G. australis, Hemsl. Tree with large spit 

 Ifts. very oblique, oblong, crenate leathery, shining: pod wit 

 coriaceous walls, 4-5 in. long. S. China. G. Cdspica, Des 

 Allied to G. triacanthos. Lvs. pinnate with 12-20 ovate, crer 

 late Ifts., or bipinnate with 6-8 pinnae: pod thin, pulpy, to 12 

 long. G. Fontanesi, Spach.= G. macracantha. G. he 



917. Gleditschia triacanthos. 



(XK.) 



ma, 



; 



