654 



GLYCYRRHIZA 



GONGORA 



The roots of Glycyrrhiza, a native of southern Eu- 

 rope and central Asia, are used extensively by drug- 

 gists; in America by brewers and manufacturers of 

 plug tobacco; in Turkey, Egypt and France to make 

 cooling drinks. Our supply more than one and a half 

 million dollars' worth in 1899 is derived mainly from 

 Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey and Russia (Transcauca- 

 sia), the roots from Spain and Italy being considered 

 'best, and those from Turkey poorest on account of their 

 'bitterness. The soil for Licorice must be deep, mellow, 

 moist, rich and free from stones. Plants are usually set 

 in rows, 3 ft. or more apart, and not less than 1 ft. asun- 

 der. After the plants have covered the ground, they 

 are allowed to shift for themselves for 3 or 4 years. 

 Harvesting is primitive, the roots being exposed by the 

 plow and pulled by hand. Large quantities of roots are 

 thus left to produce a succeeding crop or to overrun the 

 field as weeds. One ton to the acre is considered a fair 

 yield; 1.6 cents a pound an average price. In America 

 the only fields worthy the name are in California, where 

 Licorice is not considered very paying. Experiment and 

 experience with it are, however, but little more than 

 begun. M. G. KAINS. 



GLYPTOSTROBUS. See Taxodium. 



GMELINA (after one of five distinguished German 

 botanists named Gmelin). Verbenacece. Eight species 

 of E. Asiatic and N. Australian trees and shrubs, bear- 

 ing' yellow or brownish irregular fls. sometimes nearly 

 2 in. across. A very few plants may be cult, in Euro- 

 pean warmhouses, and in America only in S. Fla. and 

 S. Calif, outdoors. The genus produces a fancy timber 

 similar to teak, which is a product of the same order. 

 Vitex and Cleroderidron are better known congeners. 

 Spiny or not: shoots tomentose: Ivs. opposite, entire, 

 toothed or lobed: fls. in panicled cymes, tomentose at 

 least while young; corolla tube slender below; limb ob- 

 lique, 5- or 4-lobed; stamens 4, didynamous. 



A. Lvs. becoming 9 in. long, 6 in. wide. 

 arbdrea, Roxb. (G. Rheedii, Hook.). Unarmed tree, 

 sometimes attaining 60 ft., deciduous, flowering with the 

 young Ivs. : Ivs. cordate-ovate. India, Malaya. B.M. 

 4395. Cult, only in S. Calif, by Franceschi, who keeps 

 G. Rheedii separate. 



AA. Lvs. y<L-lYz in. long. 



Asiatica, Linn. (G. parvifldra, Pers., a typographical 

 error for G. parvifdlia, Roxb.). Shrubby, sometimes 

 spinescent: Ivs. ovate or obovate, entire or lobed. In- 

 dia, Ceylon. 



GNAPHALIUM. See Leontopodium and Helichry- 

 sum. There are various native Gnaphaliums, but they 

 are not in cultivation. G. lanatum of gardeners is He- 

 lichrysum petiolatum. 



GOAT'S BEARD is usually Spircea Aruncus; also the 

 .genus Tragopogon, to which the Salsify or Oyster Plant 

 belongs. 



GOAT'S FOOT. Oxalis Caprina. 

 GOAT'S RUE. See Galega. 

 GOBO. See Burdock. 

 GOZTHEA. See Pavonia. 

 GODETIA. Included in CEnothera. 

 GOLDEN CHAIN. Laburnum vulgare. 

 GOLDEN CLUB. Orontiiim. 



GOLDEN DEWDROP. Fanciful name for Duranta 

 Plumieri. 



GOLDEN FEATHER. See Chrysanthemum parthe- 

 nioides. 



GOLDENROD. Solidago. 

 GOLDEN SEAL. Hydrastis. 

 GOLD FERN. Gymnogramma. 



GOLDFUSSIA. Included in Strobilanthes . 



GOLD THREAD. Coptis trifolia. 



GOMBO, Gumbo, or Okra. See Hibiscus esculentus. 



GOMPHRENA (name suggested by Gromphrcena , 

 Pliny's name for some Amaranth, supposed to be de- 

 rived from grapho, to write or paint; alluding to the 

 highly colored or "painted" foliage). Amarantacece. 

 This genus includes the Globe Amaranth, a common 

 everlasting flower of easy culture. It is also known as 

 Bachelor's Button, though two other utterly distinct 

 plants (Centaurea Cyanus and Ranunculus acris) have 

 the same popular name. The flower-heads are an inch 

 or less in diameter, globose, of many colors, and chiefly 

 remarkable for the showy bracts, which hide the true 

 flowers. In a family remarkable for brilliant foliage this 

 genus seems to be the only one valued for everlastings. 

 Nearly all the other everlasting flowers of importance 

 belong to the Composites. Gomphrena has about 70 spe- 

 cies, mostly in the warmer parts of America and Aus- 

 tralia, but the Globe Amaranth is widely dispersed 

 throughout the tropics. Herbs erect or prostrate, pu- 

 bescent to villous, with or without a leafy involucre: 

 fls. short or long, white or colored : bracts short or long, 

 concave, and keeled, winged or crested on the back. For 

 culture, see Annuals and Everlasting flowers. 



globdsa, Linn. GLOBE AMARANTH. BACHELOR'S BUT- 

 TON. Height 18 in. or less: Ivs. elliptic to obovate, the 

 largest 4 in. long, 1% in. wide, tapering to a petiole. 

 July. B.M. 2815. R.H. 1890, p. 522. F.R. 1:333. The 

 following names of horticultural varieties indicate the 

 range of color : vars. alba, aurea, carnea, nana com- 

 pacta (=alba), purpurea, striata, violacea. Dwarf and 

 compact forms are likely to be associated with any color. 

 There is a narrow-leaved form of this species which 

 Voss calls G. Haageana, Kl. (G. aurantiaca, Hort. G. 

 coccinea, Decne. ), which has lanceolate Ivs., often 6 

 times as long as broad. The Ivs. are rarely % in. wide. 

 R.H. 1854:161. All are easily grown annuals. 



G. gnaphalioldes, Vahl. See Pfaffia. W. M. 



GONANIA is a typographical error in some nursery 

 catalogues for Gouania. 



GONGORA (after Don Antonio Caballero y Gongora, 

 Bishop of Cordova). Includes Acropera. Orchiddcea?, 

 tribe Vdndece, subtribe Cyrtopodiece. A small genus 

 of plants with curious spotted fls., not common in cul- 

 tivation, and of little value except for collections. Dis- 

 tinguished from the other members of th.e subtribe by 

 being epiphytic, having the dorsal sepal adnate to the 

 column, and by its many-fld. raceme. Dorsal sepal erect, 

 spreading, thus appearing to spring from the base of the 

 column; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed from the 

 base of the column, wider ; petals small, adnate to the 

 base of the column; .labellum continuous with the col- 

 umn, narrow and fleshy, with 2 thick lateral horned or 

 aristulate lobes, and a central one which is saccate or 

 even folded, forming a vertical plate : column erect 

 or ascending, not winged : pseudobulbs sulcate, sheathed, 

 bearing 1 or 2 large, plicate Ivs.: fls. borne in a long, 

 loose, pendent raceme arising from the base of the 

 pseudobulbs. 



Gongoras are extremely free-flowering, and grow 

 easily in a mixture of sphagnum and peat, with a little 

 charcoal added for drainage. During the growing season 

 they require plenty of water, and brisk heat. In the 

 winter they require little water, but should be kept in a 

 moist atmosphere in a cool, shaded house. They grow 

 well with Cattleyas, or in a temperature of 60 in winter 

 and 80 in summer. Some growers prefer to use fine 

 fern root packed tightly and for a top finish a little fine 

 moss found in damp meadows, instead of sphagnum, 

 which in this climate is quick to decay. 



A. Lateral sepals ovate or oblong, truncate. 



truncata, Lindl. Pseudobulbs deeply furcate : lateral 

 sepals rotund, oblong, truncate, the upper one ovate, 

 keeled; petals minute, ovate; sepals and petals pale 

 straw color, spotted with purple ; base of labellum com- 

 pressed in the middle, 2-horned : apex ovate, canalicu- 

 late. B.R. 31:56. 



