GYNANDROPSIS 



dney-shaped or orbicular, compressed, with a wrinkled 

 tubercled coat. For culture, see Cleome. 



speciosa, DC. (Cleome speciosa, HBK.). Rather vel- 

 ty towards the top: Ifts. 5-7, subserrulate, oblong, 

 uminate. Mex. ^y j^ 



GYNfiEIUM (Greek, ivoolly stigmas). Grammes. 

 ^is genus was until 1897 held to include the Pampas 

 ass ( Gynerium argenteum), which has long been con- 

 Icivd the finest of all tall, plumy grasses, as also the 

 >st important, commercially, of all ornamental grasses. 

 nines of Pampas Grass are shipped in large quanti- 

 ; s from California to Europe, and are dyed various 

 lors. In nature the plumes are silvery white, with 

 rieties ranging from rose to carmine, violet and purple. 

 icy are often 2-3 ft. long. Pampas Grass is grown com- 

 rcially only in California. The plumes are not col- 

 ted in South America or shipped therefrom. The 

 ,inies of the male plants are much inferior to those of 

 3 females, and California growers exercise the greatest 

 re to allow no male plants in the plantation. In this 

 .intry the plumes are sold chiefly to persons of foreign 

 th. ( See Everlastings. ) As a border plant, the Pampas 

 ass is not perfectly hardy in the North, the best sub- 

 tute for it being JUrianthus Ravennce. Horticultur- 

 |y, Pampas Grass is not to be compared with the Giant 

 t'd (Arundo Donax), as the two things represent two 

 ferent types of beauty. The Arundo is valued for its 

 Id habit, of which the tall, reedy stems are an impor- 

 it feature, while its plumes are wholly incidental, be- 

 : smaller than those of the Pampas Grass, and often 

 it produced before the northern frosts. 

 The plumes of Pampas Grass and of Uva Grass ( G. 

 -charoides) are both sold in London, and are presum- 

 y distinguished in the trade. Uva Grass is too tender 

 be grown even in southern California. In England 

 mpas Grass is generally hardy, while Uva Grass is 

 nvii only to a very few hothouses. Uva Grass is the 

 ginal species of Gynerium, and is now considered to 

 the only species in that genus, the Pampas Grass 

 diigbeen removed in 1897 to the new genus Cortaderia. 

 mpas Grass should henceforth be catalogued by nur- 

 ymen as Cortaderia argent ea. Uva Grass should be 

 >d in southern gardens, as also another plant said 

 critics to be far more beautiful than either, namely, 

 rtaileria jubata, which is chiefly known to the trade 

 Gynerium arcitato-ne-bulosum. 



'ainpas Grass can be grown in sheltered spots as far 



"th as Rochester, N. Y., if well protected in winter. A 



c well filled with dry leaves, hay or straw, and in- 



te.l over the clumps, will generally keep them from 



in. Perfect specimens can be obtained only in light, 



li soil, with moderate moisture, at least in* the early 



>l! growth. Prop, readily by division in spring, or 



seeds, which may produce flowering plants in 2 



irs. 



"he popular name "Pampas Grass "is now unchange- 

 -, l>ut the plant does not gi-ow on the pampas or vast 

 sy plains of South America, but in the mountains, 

 the evidence tends to show that it is confined to 

 i neighborhood of water courses and to depressions 

 there is a constant and sufficient supply of 

 1 lerground water." The manner in which this mis- 

 ling name became fixed is explained by O. Stapf, 

 Kew, in his excellent monograph of this group 

 G.C. III. 22:358, 378, 39G (1897). In this place Stapf 

 _5 species of Cortaderia, and another is added in 

 . In S. America the Pampas Grass and some 

 ts allies are called Cortadero ; hence the generic 

 'ortaderia. Cortaderias are widely distributed in 

 America. 



ortaderia argentea, Stapf (Gynerium argenteum, 

 PAMPAS GRASS. Fig. 1010. Grows in individ- 

 ual, large, thick tussocks: rhizome very short: 

 < ins biennial, 3-6 ft. high, excluding the panicle : Ivs. 

 y crowded at the base ; sheaths increasing in 

 i^th from the base upwards from 2 in. to 2% ft., sev- 

 to many times longer than the internodes : sexual 

 iprphism of the spikelets slight (apart from the 

 litalia) : spikelets 3-6-fld., the uppermost florets more 

 ss rudimentary. For habit sketches, see R.H. 1890, 



45 



GYNERIUM 



703 



p. 489. Gng. 5:89. G.C. III. 26:654. J.H. Ill 35-43 

 A.G. 14:323. F.S. 12, p. 179. 



None of the following varietal names have botanical 

 rank, but they probably are fairly distinct horti- 

 culturally, and so far they have appeared only in 

 connection with the name Gynerium. Var. mon- 

 strdsum is perhaps the most robust, and var. nanum 

 (which grows about 3 ft. high), the dwarfest. The 

 others here mentioned are supposed to be the same 

 height as the type. A slender form with narrower foli- 

 age is var. elegans, with Ivs. a fourth of an inch wide 



1010. Pampas Grass. (See Gynerium.) 



and stalks 5-7 ft. bigh. R.H. 1862, p. 150. It has sub- 

 varieties with white striped foliage, var. elegans-niveo- 

 lineatum, and spotted with white, var. elegans-niveq- 

 vittatum. The preceding varieties, except where noted, 

 have the height of the type and white plumes. The 

 next four varieties differ from the type in having col- 

 ored plumes : vars. rdseum, violaceum, purpureum and 

 carmineum, the names indicating the different colors. 

 Varieties with white-striped foliage are album variega- 

 tum and Stenackeri foliis variegatis. Varieties with 

 yellow-striped foliage are aureum variegatum and Wes- 

 serlingi variegatum. Var. Eoi des Roses was said by 

 John Saul to have foliage striped with rose, but others 

 describe it as a rosy-plumed variety. 



When advertised under Cortaderia, these names 

 should all have the feminine endings, as monstrosa, etc. 



Cortaderia jubata, Stapf (Gynerhtm jubatum, Lem. 

 G. arcuato-nebulbsum, Hort.). Differs from Pampas 

 Grass in the rather laxer, more graceful plume, with 

 longer, more flexuous, nodding branches, somewhat 

 smaller spikelets, more delicate glumes, and in the 

 longer, very slender staminodes of the pistillate fls. 

 The plume is lavender-colored, and the plant has been 

 killed by a temperature of 3 F. Grows in a dense 

 tuft, perennial, but with biennial culms: spikelets 3-5- 

 fld. The plume is 1-2 ft. long. B.M. 7607. G.C. III. 

 26:658. Gn. 55, p. 93. R.H. 1885, p. 200. Gn. 15, p. 179, 

 Int. by Lemoine, of Nancy, France. Probable synonyms 

 are G. roseum Kendlateri and G. argenteum carmina- 

 tum Rendlateri. F.S. 20:2075. Not so well known as 

 the other two species. 



Gynerium saccharoides, Humb. & Bonp. UVA GRASS. 

 Rhizome creeping: culms perennial, 12-30 ft. high: Ivs. 

 rather evenly distributed over the culm, those near the 

 base gradually withering away, leaving the stem naked 

 4-14 ft. above ground: sheaths nearly equal (except the 

 lowest), about 6 in. long, slightly longer than the inter- 

 nodes: sexual dimorphism of the fls. very conspicuous: 

 spikelets 2-fld. B.M. 7352. Essentially a more tender 

 plant than the Pampas Grass. 



J. B. KELLER and W. M. 



