HEDERA 



HEDYSARUM 



717 



dull dark green. Var. variegata, Hort. Lvs. lighter 

 green, edged and blotched yellowish white. 



Colchica, C. Koch (H. Rozgneriana, Hort. H. coridcea, 

 Hibberd). High climbing, but usually less high than 

 the common Ivy. Lvs large, broadly ovate, cordate, 

 almost entire, rarely slightly 3-lobed, bright green, of 

 firm texture, those of flowering branches generally ob- 

 long-ovate : calyx lobes triangular-ovate, conspicuous; 

 calyx, pedicels and tips of young branches coated with 

 golden yellow scales: fr. black. W. Asia. Var. den- 

 tata, Hibberd (H. dentdta, Hort.). Lvs. with remote 

 small teeth, of somewhat thinner texture. G.M. 30: 388. 

 Var. purpurea, Hibberd. Lvs. purplish. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



HEDGES. Living green fences are used for two dis- 

 tinct purposes defense and ornament. Ornamental 

 Hedges maybe rendered defensive by stretching tightly 

 2 or 3 strands of barbed wire through the center of the 

 Hedge. So far, no plant has yet been tested that meets 

 all the requirements of the farmer for a truly impass- 

 able barrier, although the Osage orange (Madura au- 

 rantiaca) possesses more recommendable features than 

 any other hardy tree. This tree, however, is not hardy 

 in the northernmost states. Next to this, perhaps, ranks 

 the honey locust (Gleditschia triacanthos), with many 

 warm admirers and advocates. The hawthorn of Europe 

 (Cratcegus Oxyacantha) may not be planted in this 

 country with any chance of success, owing to fungous 

 enemies, and all of the large-sized thorny shrubs fail in 

 important characters. A perfect thorn Hedge requires 

 unremitting care, and must conform to an established 

 rule, the most important being entire freedom from 

 weeds and a systematic pruning. The preparation of 

 the soil for a Hedge consists in thoroughly plowing and 

 cultivating an area 6 feet wide and the length the Hedge 

 is proposed to extend. If this space should be fertilized 

 and cropped the year previous to planting, vegetation 

 will be greatly accelerated. The plants must be short- 

 ened, both top and root, and set 9 inches apart in a 

 single row. The double row, as formerly advised by 

 some growers, is now practically obsolete, and justly 

 so, being difficult to cultivate and preserve free from 

 weeds. A trench or fiirrow is opened through the center 

 of the cultivated strip of a sufficient depth to admit the 

 roots without bending In setting, the soil must be 

 made firm with the aid of a rammer, a practice unex- 

 celled for aiding growth, and, indeed, preserving plant- 

 life after removal. Pruning is simply an annual neces- 

 sity from the first, excepting when the Hedge is in- 

 tended to be plashed, and even in such cases, after the 

 laying process, pruning must never be omitted during 

 summer. This work is greatly accelerated and conse- 

 quently cheapened by shearing when the plants are 

 young and tender, say during the month of July. As to 

 the best outline, a plain triangle, or what may be more 

 sightly, the curvilinear or Gothic arch, is desirable, and 

 a flat top is to be discouraged, as a body of snow lodged 

 on the latter invariably injures the symmetry and beauty 

 of any Hedge. The ornamental Hedge proper may be 

 either evergreen or deciduous, and yet in the so-called 

 California privet (Ligu strum ovalifolium) are united, 

 to a certain extent, both conditions. Taking into con- 

 sideration its almost faultless character for the purpose, 

 we may assign it a prominent position at the head of the 

 list. 



Among strictly evergreen plants, the Norway spruce 

 (Picea excelsa) succeeds most satisfactorily. For a com- 

 bination of cheapness and general utility, the American 

 arborvitee (Thuja occidentalis) may be placed next, 

 although for decided beauty nothing can supplant the 

 common hemlock ( Tsuga Canadensis ) . The number of 

 available deciduous trees and shrubs suitable for Hedg- 

 ing is so extensive that to specify even a few is unnec- 

 essary. Flowering shrubs may, however, claim prefer- 

 ence, and such attractive species as Cydonia Japonica, 

 Deutzia scabra, some of the spireas, viburnums, etc., 

 may be employed with good effect. Species of Berberis 

 are occasionally used with marked success, especially 

 the purple-leaved variety, although rather formal in 

 character. The most serious annoyance to the Hedge 

 grower is the presence of unwelcome woody vines, such 

 as poison ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron) , Japan evergreen 



honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica), etc., and the only 

 remedy is to persistently remove them by hand as soon 

 as discovered. The attacks of insects may be treated 

 similarly to those which injure our trees and shrubs. 

 The charming little Berberis Thunbergi is a model of 

 beauty and utility, owing to the brilliant autumnal tints 

 of its foliage and abundant crops of scarlet fruit. Other 

 good plants for special uses are Russian mulberry, 

 Rhamnus, and Ligustrum Ibota. JOSIAH HOOPES. 



HED^CHIUM (Greek, sweet snow; the large white fls. 

 are sweet scented). Scitamindcece. BUTTERFLY LILY. 

 GINGER LILY. GARLAND FLOWER. Something like 25 

 tropical Asian erect, leafy, rhizomatous herbs allied to 

 carma and ginger. Fls. in a terminal spike or thyrse; 

 stamen 1, with a 2-loculed anther surrounding the style; 

 staminodia sometimes present ; flower-tube slender, with 

 six divisions, one of which is enlarged and lip-like. 

 Hedychiums are strong-growing plants, very orna- 

 mental, both in foliage and in flower. They are essen- 

 tially fall bloomers, although they may be made to 

 bloom more or less continuously under glass. After 

 blooming, gradually dry off the rhizomes, and let them 

 rest for a time. Pot them up in spring or early sum- 

 mer, and give them rich soil and plenty of water and 

 an occasional supply of liquid manure. The rhizomes 

 may be divided every two or three years. They need 

 an abundance of water. In fact, the pots may be set 

 half their depth in water, and H. coronarium is often 

 immersed until only the crown is emersed. The com- 

 mon white-flowered species is H. coronarium. This re- 

 quires warmhouse treatment for best results, although 

 it often flowers well when plunged in a warm, half- 

 shady place in the open. The species do not stand frost, 

 but they may be left out in the South if well protected. 

 The flowers are very fragrant; in fact, their odor may 

 be too heavy for a small room. 



A. Fls. white. 



coronarium, Kcenig. Three to 5 ft. : Ivs. canna-like, 

 green, pointed: fls. very large (3-4 in. across), long- 

 tubed, pure white or the lip sometimes blotched green, 

 the 3 outer segments narrow, the lip large and erect 

 and more or less lobed. India. B.M. 708. L. B.C. 6:507. 

 Handsome and worthy. Needs warm quarters. Said 

 to have been sold as Myrosma carnce folia, but that 

 name belongs to a wholly different plant. 



AA. Fls. yellow or red. 



flavum, Roxbg. Fls. large, orange; corolla tube cylin- 

 drical, 2% in. long; segments spreading, the oiiter ones 

 linear, acute and an inch or so long, the lip very large 

 and rounded, retuse ; stamen not exserted. India. 

 B.M. 3039 (and 2378?). 



Gardnerianum, Roscoe. Tall: fls. light yellow, odd, 

 short-stalked in the terminal spike, but the red filament 

 long-projected beyond the segments; lip oval and short 

 3-toothed, the other segments narrow: fr. red and 

 showy. India. B.M. 6913. B.R. 9:774. J.H. III. 32:239 

 (in fruit). G. C. III. 11:176 (plate erroneously labeled 

 H. coronarium). The best of the genus, and hardier 

 than H. coronarium. 



coccineum, Buch.-Ham. Fls. rather small, scarlet, the 

 filament long-projected; lip nearly or quite entire: fl.- 

 bracts conspicuous. India. L. B.C. 8:705. L. H.B. 



HED^SAEUM (Greek for sweet smell). Leguminosce. 

 Two or 3 North American herbs, and about 60 in the Old 

 World. Perennial herbs or subshrubs, with odd pinnate 

 Ivs., and often showy racemes of red, purple or white, 

 small pea-like fls. ; calyx 5-cleft, the teeth nearly equal. 

 Standard obcordate or obovate; keel nearly straight and 

 longer than the wings; stamens 9 and 1; fr. a flattened 

 jointed pod. Very closely allied to Desmodium, but the 

 latter genus has 3-foliate Ivs. Many of the Hedysarums 

 are attractive border plants. They are of easiest culture 

 in a light and open, well-drained soil. Give a sunny 

 place. Hardy. Prop, by division and seeds. For the 

 Sainfoin, sometimes known as H. Onobrychis, see Ono- 

 brychis. 



A. Fls. normally red (varying to ivhite). 



coronarium, Linn. FRENCH HONEYSUCKLE. Perennial | 

 or biennial, 2-4 ft. tall, branchy. An old garden plant 



