HELENIUM 



HELIANTHEMUM 



719 



Moist places, Can. to Fla. and west to B. C. and Ariz. B.M. 

 2994. Gn. 29:533; 55:1216. A.G. 12:682. G.C. III. 

 10:433. Very showy. It has distinct merit for the back 

 of borders, but is more appreciated in Europe than in 

 ' America. There are several garden forms: var. pumi- 

 lum is 1-2 ft. high, a very free bloomer, and is largely 

 <?ro\vn for cut-flowers in some places; var. grandiflorum 



1025. Helenium autumnale. 

 Commonly known as Sneezeweed. 



and var. superbum are unusually 

 vigorous and large-fld.; var. stria- 

 tum has a maroon and gold disk, 

 with yellow rays variously striped 

 and splashed with rich crimson. 



; J. H. III. 31 :293. This should be distinguished from 



| the striped forms of H. nudiflorum. 



BB. Disk brown or purplish. 



c. Li's, all entire: heads solitarg or few, long-stalked. 

 Bigelovii, Gray. Stem 2-3 ft. high, nearly smooth: 

 upper Ivs. narrow to oblong-lane aolate, lower spatulate: 

 heads commonly 1^-2^ in. broad: rays %in. long: 

 flower-stalk slender. Aug. Wet ground, Calif. S.H. 

 1:373. 



Bolanderi, Gray. Stem 1-2 ft. high, stout, somewhat 

 pubescent : Ivs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, the lower 

 obovate: heads commonly 3 in. wide: rays often 1 in. 

 1 long : flower-stalks thick, hollow. June-Sept. Low 

 ground, N. E. Calif. Gn. 29, p. 191. R.H. 1891, p. 377.- 

 Sometimes grown as H. grandiflorus . 



i cc. Lower Ivs. toothed: heads numerous, corymbose, 



short-stalked. 



nudifldrum, Nutt. Stem 1-3 ft. high, roughish, leafy: 

 ; lower Ivs. spatulate, toothed : heads 1-1% in. across: 

 rays wedere-shaped, drooping, yellow, brown-purple or 

 striped with both colors. July-Oct. Moist soils, N. C. 

 to Fla., west to 111. and Tex. A garden form, var. 

 grandicephalum striatum, has fls. over 2 in. across. 



AA. Stem and branches not ivinged. 



Hoopesii, Gray. Stem 1-3 ft. high, stout, slightly to- 

 mentose when young, but soon smooth, branching above 

 into an umbel of several to many fls. : Ivs. thickish, en- 

 tire: heads usually borne singly on long stalks, com- 

 monly 3 in. wide : rays but slightly drooping ; disk 

 yellow. May-Sept. Rocky Mts. A very fine border 

 plant, and especially valuable for cut-fls. 



46 



H. Douglasii, Hort. = Monolopia major. if. tenuifolium, 

 Nutt. Annual. A weed in the southern Atlantic and south- 

 western states. Stem 8 in. to 2 ft. high, very leafy: Ivs. thread- 

 like, entire, sessile, often whorled. Va.,Fla., west to Mo. and 

 Tex - S. W. FLETCHER. 



HELIANTHELLA (Greek, resembling Helianthus). 

 Comp6sit(K. Eleven species of hardy perennial herbs 

 from North Amer., witu. showy yellow fls. borne in au- 

 tumn. The species described below is advertised by a 

 western dealer in native plants. Stem commonly un- 

 branched: Ivs. mostly scattered and sessile, linear or 

 lanceolate, entire: heads solitary or few, with yellow 

 rays and a yellow or brownish disk. The single species 

 in cultivation is easily grown in a variety of soils, and 

 is propagated by seeds or by dividing the rootstocks. 



Helianthella belongs to a group of genera distin- 

 guished from Helianthus by having the fruits laterally 

 compressed instead of thick and obtusely angled. 

 Other cultivated genera of this group are Actinomeris, 

 Encelia and Verbesina, which are distinguished from 

 one another by combinations of fruit and pappus char- 

 acters. 



quinquenervis, Gray. Stem 2-4 ft. high, nearly 

 smooth: Ivs. mostly opposite, 4-9 in. long: heads 3-5 in. 

 broad, long-stalked, solitary or a few below in the axils 

 of the Ivs., with an involucre of large, leafy bracts : 

 rays pale yellow, !/ in. long. June-Sept. Rockv Mts. 



S. W. FLETCHER. 



HELIANTHEMUM (Greek for sun flower). Cis- 

 tacece. ROCK ROSE. SUN ROSE. FROSTWEED. Herbs or 

 subshrubs in temperate and warm climates of Old and 

 New Worlds. The species are confused, and estimates 

 of their numbers vary from 30 to more than 100. Fls. 

 opening in the sun, mostly yellow, usually in terminal 

 clusters; petals 5, soon falling; stamens many: ovary 

 imperfectly 3-loculed, containing numerous seeds ; 

 style 1 : stems hard and more or less woody : Ivs. 

 small, linear or oblong, entire, often grayish. Helian- 

 themums are evergreens or nearly so, forming low mats 

 of herbage, and bearing a profusion of fls. in hot 

 weather. They are especially adapted for rockwork and 

 borders. They thrive in rather poor soil. Although the 

 following species are fairly hardy in the North, they 

 profit by a protection of mulch. Prop, mostly by divi- 

 sion; also by seeds and by cuttings of half-ripe wood. 

 See Cistus. Sweet's "Cistinese" (1825-1830, London) is 

 the monumental work on these plants. See, also, Nich- 

 olson in Gn. 26, p. 420, for a running account of the gar- 

 den forms. 



Canad6nse, Michx. FROSTWEED. Diffuse, 2 ft. or 

 less high, caulescent : Ivs. oblong, linear, or oblanceo- 

 late, nearly sessile: fls. solitary or 2 together, 1 in. 

 across, bright yellow, the sepals hairy. In rocky and 

 sandy soil, Me. to N. C. and Wis. G.W.F. 29.-Sold by 

 collectors. The later axillary branches produce small 

 apetalous fls. 



Chamsecistus, Mill. Usually less than 1 ft. tall, pro- 

 cumbent, forming mats : Ivs. linear-lanceolate or 

 broader, numerous at the base of the plant, small, hoary 

 beneath but green and hairy above : fls. normally yellow, 

 in loose, more or less nodding racemes, on hairy pedi- 

 cels. Eu., N. Afr., W. Asia.-This is the commonly 

 cult, species, running into many forms. It is much less 

 grown in this country than in Eu. It is an excellent 

 rockwork plant. There are double-flowered forms; also 

 forms with red and copper-colored fls. The following 

 names occurring in trade lists are to be referred to this 

 species-group : angustifdlinm, dlba-pleno, aurdntea- 

 pleno, croceum, cupreum, grandiflorum, hyssopifblium, 

 lutea pleno, mutdbile, purpurea -pleno, rhoddnthcmum, 

 rhoddnthum, varidbile, vulgdre. 



ocymoldes, Pers. (H. Algarvense, Dun. Cistus Al- 

 garvense, Sims). Shrub, 2-3 ft., twiggy, nearly erect, 

 hoary-pubescent: Ivs. opposite, linear-oblong or spatn- 

 late, the tips recurved: fls. bright yellow with a purple 

 eye, l%in. across, in corymbose clusters. Spain and 

 Portugal. B.M. 5621. Little known in this country. 

 Hardy in England. 



formosum, Dun. (Cistus formbsus, Curt."). Spread- 

 ing, much-branched, tomentose, but becoming nearly or 

 quite glabrous with age : Ivs. elliptic to lance-obovate, 



