HELIANTHUS 



HELIANTHUS 



721 



In America the Sunflower industry may be said to 

 have hardly commenced, there being at present but two 

 well-developed markets for the seed. ]\j Q_ KAINS. 



Annuals: Ivs. long-petioled: 



disk broivn or purplish. 

 B. Stem erect, stout, simple or 



branching above 1. annuus 



2. argophyllus 



;B. Stem diffuse, slender, branch- 

 ing freely from the base.... 3. debilis 

 Perennials by creeping root- 

 stocks: Ivs. sessile or short- 

 petioled. 



B. Disk brown or purplish. 

 c. Lvs. linear, entire (except 



the lower], sessile 4. orgyalis 



5. angustifolius 

 cc. Lvs. ovate to broad-lanceo- 

 late, mostly toothed, nar- 

 rowed at the base into a 

 winged petiole 



. Disk yellowish. 

 c. Stem smooth beloic, the 

 branches often slightly 

 rough or pubescent. 



D. Lvs. pale beneath 8. 



9. 

 10. 



DD. Lvs. green on both sides. 11. 

 12. 



CC. Stem rough or hairy below. 

 D. Rootstocks thickened in- 

 to one or more fleshy 



tubers 13. 



14. 

 15. 



DD. Rootstocks all slender. 

 E. Lower Ivs. sessile or 

 with a clasping 



base 1C. 



17. 

 EE. Lower Ivs. short- 



petioled. 

 F. Stem 1-2 ft., not 



branching 18. 



FF. Stem usually over 



8 ft., branching .19 . 

 20. 

 21. 

 22. 



rigidus 

 atrorubens 



laevigatus 



strumosus 



grosse-serratus 



decapetalus 



divaricatus 



giganteus 



Maximilian! 

 tuberosus 



doronicoides 

 mollis 



pumilus 



laetiflorus 

 Californicus 

 hirsutus 

 trachelifolius 



1. annuus, Linn. COMMON SUNFLOWER. Stem 3-12 

 ft., rough-hairy, often mottled : Ivs. 4-12 in. long, 

 broadly ovate, acute, the lower cordate, coarsely serrate, 

 rough on both sides: fls.3-6 in. wide in wild specimens, 

 often 14 in cult. July-Sept. Minn, to Tex., west to 

 Wash, and Cal. Gn. 27, p. 68. Gt. 43,p.95 (as J7. Zewttcw- 

 laris). B.R. 15:1265 (as H. lenticularis). A valuable 

 economic and ornamental plant. The Ivs. are used for 

 fodder, the fls. yield a yellow dye, the seeds furnish an 

 oil and are used for food. It is grown for food chiefly in 

 Russia. H. annuus has long been in cult, as an orna- 

 mental, and has varied into many distinct forms. Com- 

 mon varieties are: Var. Cali!6micus, very laree and 

 double; var. citrinus, with primrose-colored rays (Gn. 

 19, p. 327); var. globdsus fistuldsus, having enormous 

 globular heads; var. nanus fl. pi. (Globe of Gold), dwarf 

 and double, valuable for borders ; Russian Giant, 

 12 ft. high, single, grown mostly for seed ; var.varie- 

 gatus, with variegated Ivs., but not especially attrac- 

 tive. 



2. argophyllus, Torr. & Gray. SILVERY-LEAVED SUN- 

 FLOWER. Stem usually 4-5 ft. high, soft grey, with a 

 dense, silky pubescence, especially the upper branches. 

 Otherwise like H. annuus, into which it seems to vary 

 under cultivation if the seedlings are not constantly 

 selected for their silky character. Texas. The var. 

 Texana, Hort., which does not differ botanically from 

 the type, is an attractive form of this species. R. H. 

 1857, p. 431. Gn. 12, p. 280; 27, p. 67; 55, p. 147. 



3. d6bilis, Nutt. (H. cucumerifdlius , Torr. & Gray). 

 CUCUMBER-LEAVED SUNFLOWER. Fig. 1026. St. 1-4 ft. 

 high, hairy throughout : branches often mottled with 

 purple or white, each one bearing a fl. : Ivs. 1-4 in. long, 

 ovate to triangular, generally with a cordate base, thin, 

 glossy, irregularly toothed or entire: fls. 2-3 in. wide, 

 on slender peduncles. July-Sept. Fla. to Texas and 

 westward. G.C. III. 17:167. Gt. 44, p. 571. B.M. 7432. 

 Gn. 49: 1064. -This is one of the best for cut-fls. It 

 needs a sandy soil. 



1027. Clump of Helianthus orgyalis. 



4. orgyalis, DC. Fig. 1027. Stem 8-10 ft. high, strict, 

 smooth, very leafy: Ivs. 8-16 in. long, slightly rough, 

 drooping : fls. numerous, lemon-yellow. Sept., Oct. 

 Dry plains, Neb. to Tex. and westward. Gn. 27, p. 67; 

 55, p. 147. F.R. 2:146. This species has distinct and 



