HEMEROCALLIS 



HEPATICA 



729 



.riety with variegated Ivs. Var. fldre pleno, Hort., is 

 own in F.S. 18:1891, with a red spot on the middle of 

 ch segment. Gn. 48, p. 401. R.H. 1897, p. 139. Var. 

 .riegata has a stripe of white down the middle of 

 ;ch leaf. W. M. 



HEMICYCLIA (Greek, semi-circular; referring to 



I e scar or furrow on the seed). Euphorbiacece. This 

 dudes a spreading tree, attaining a height of 40 ft., 

 inch is cult, in S. Calif, by Franceschi, who values it 

 r its "beautiful holly-like Ivs. and red fruits." The 



;nus has about 9 species, natives of India, Ceylon and 

 e Eastern Archipelago, with no near allies of garden 



rilue. Trees or shrubs: Ivs. alternate, petioled, entire, 

 atherv when full grown: fls. dioecious; petals nane; 

 pals of staminate fls. 4-5, the inner often larger and 

 mewhat petal-like: fr. a globose or ovoid, indehiscent 

 upe: seed by abortion, usually solitary. H. Austra- 

 sira is told from the other 2 Australian species by its 

 ;ry short filaments and glabrous ovary. 

 Australasica, Muell. Arg. Lvs. broadly ovate to 

 -ate-oblong, obtuse, l%-3 in. long, finely veined be- 

 w: fr. nearly % in. long, very smooth, red and succu- 



,nt, enclosing a stone. 



HEMIONlTIS (Greek, mule; the plants erroneously 

 ipposed to be sterile). Polypodidcece. A genus of 

 opical ferns, with copiously netted veins and naked 

 <ri following the veins. Eight or 9 species occur in 

 e tropics of both hemispheres. The plants are dwarf, 

 id are grown in Wardian cases by a few fanciers in 



,,e Old World. For culture, see Ferns. 

 H. palmata. Linn. Lvs. palmate, 2-6 in. wide, with 5 nearly 

 uul Triangular divisions, those of the sterile Ivs. less acute; 



, rfaees pubescent. W. Indies.Mex., S.Amer. H. elegans, Dav. 

 - 4-10 in. wide, with a broad sinus at the base and 5 long 

 ander, lanceolate divisions: plant smooth. Mex. G.F. 4:485. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 

 HEMITELIA ( Greek, with half a roof; referring to 



:<ri). Cyathceacete. A genus of tree ferns of the tropics, 

 ith round or semiglobose sori and an inferior indu- 

 um, consisting of a scale which is often indistinct and 



.'ciduous. Some 20 species occur in both hemispheres. 



^or culture, see ferns. 



H. Gnianensis, Hook. Rachis slightly scaly and hispid: Ivs. 

 -tripinnate, the secondary rachis distinctly winged, especially 

 the upper portion: sori few in each segment, usually 2-4; 

 'lusium ciliate and often lobed. Var. Paradce, Hort., is the 

 rin commonly in cultivation. British Guiana. I. H. 24:280. 

 H. Lindeni, Hook. Lvs. pinnate, the pinna? distant and 

 ightly stalked. 6-12 in. long, 1-1% in. broad, the base truncate 



wedge-shaped : sori in 2-3 irregular lines near the margin, 

 enezuela. I.H. 42:46. L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



HEMLOCK in Old World literature is what we call 

 ison Hemlock, an umbelliferous herb named Conium 

 'ti'ulatum. By Hemlock. Americans mean Hemlock 

 pruce, an evergreen tree, Tsuga Canadensis. 



HEMP. Common Hemp is Cannabis satira (which 

 f I . Bowstring H., see Sanserieria. Manilla H., Musa 

 . Sisal H., Agave rigida, var. Sisalana. 



HEN-AND-CHICKENS. A proliferous form of the 

 nglish daisy, Bellis perennis ; also the thick-leaved 

 ><f j ttesof Cotyledon, used in carpet-bedding and known 

 < Echeveria. 



HENBANE. Hyoscyamus niger. 



HENDERSON, PETER (Plate X.), 1822-1890, market- 

 >ardener, florist, seedsman and author, was born at 

 athhead, near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1822, and died in 

 ersey City, Jan. 17, 1890. He was trained in Old World 

 lethods of gardening, came to America in 1843, worked 



rider Geo. Thorburn and Robert Buist, and in 1847 be- 

 an business in Jersey City as a market-gardener, with a 

 tpital of $500, saved by 3 years' hard work. He contin- 

 fd to live there until his death. The publication 

 E "Gardening for Profit" in 1865 marks an era in 

 raerican horticulture. It was the first American book 



evoted entirely to market-gardening, and it helped to 

 iduce many persons to enter the business. By the time 



of his death about 150,000 copies of the book are said to 

 have been distributed. It was written in an aggregate 

 of 100 hours, when the author was working 16 hours a 

 day, largely at manual labor. At the noon intervals and 

 late at night he wrote this work lying on his back, with 

 a pillow under his head. The secret of its success, and 

 of the author's, was the invention of new methods 

 adapted to operations on a large scale. The second edi- 

 tion in 1874, and the third in 1887, are both thorough re- 

 visions. 



"Henderson's Practical Floriculture," 1868, was an 

 epoch-making book in commercial floriculture. Up to 

 this time most works on flower-gardening had been 

 written for the amateur. This point of view is neces- 

 sarily the commoner one, and Henderson's contribution 

 to it was "Gardening for Pleasure," 1875. In the compi- 

 lation of "The Handbook of Plants," 1881, he was largely 

 aided by C. L. Allen, and in the second edition, 1890, by 

 W. J. Davidson. "Garden and Farm Topics" was issued 

 in 1884, and in the same year appeared "How the Farm 

 Pays," a stenographic report of conversations between 

 Wm. Crozier and Peter Henderson. It is claimed that 

 nearly a quarter of a million copies of his various works 

 have been sold. His seed business was founded at New 

 York in 1865. Lately more than 200,000 copies of the 

 various catalogues have been distributed annually. 



Few men, if any, have done so much to simplify and 

 improve methods of handling plants for commercial 

 purposes. His greenhouses were an object lesson to 

 many visitors, his methods were widely copied, and his 

 business successes were the goal of ambitious market- 

 gardeners and florists, among whom he was for many 

 years the most commanding figure. He was a frequent 

 contributor to the horticultural and agricultural maga- 

 zines, and during his forty-two years of business life is 

 supposed to have written or dictated at least 175,000 

 letters. Two-thirds of these letters were written with 

 his own hands, and he always replied promptly to in- 

 quiries about methods of cultivation. A self-made man, 

 simple and abstemious in his habits, he was a tireless 

 worker. He combined in a high degree the faculties of 

 growing plants and of business ability. His mastery of 

 details was complete. His books are exceptionally read- 

 able, his powerful personality appearing through every 

 page. The records of his personal experience are prac- 

 tical, ingenious and fertile in suggestion. An account 

 of his life is published in a memoir of 48 pages by his 

 son, Alfred Henderson. ^ t ]yf f 



HENFREYA. See Asystasia. 



HEPATICA (liver-like, from the shape of the leaves). 

 Ranunculacece. HEPATICA. LIVER LEAP. A genus of 

 3 species, natives of the 

 north temperate zone. 

 Stemless, low perennials: 

 Ivs. 3-lobedand sometimes 

 toothed; appearing after 

 the flowers and remaining 

 green over winter: scapes 

 1-fld., with an involucre 

 of 3 small sessile Ivs. sim- 

 ulating a calyx : sepals 

 petal-like, white, pink or 

 purple: akenes short- 

 beaked, pubescent. Fig. 

 1038. The plants prefer 

 shade, but do fairly well in 

 open places. They should 

 remain undisturbed from 

 year to year, in rich, well- 

 drained loam. Well suited 

 to the north or east slope 

 of a rockery. Plants kept 

 in pots in a coldframe un- 

 til midwinter will quickly 

 bloom at any time desired 

 if removed to a warm room 

 or greenhouse. Prop, by 

 division or seed. 



triloba, Choix. (Hepdtica ffepdtica, Karst. Ancmbne 

 ffepdtica, Linn. A. triloba, Hort.). Scapes 4-6 in.: 

 lobes of Ivs. obtuse: fls. %-l in. across; sepals oval or 



1038. Flower of Hepatica. 

 Natural size. 



