HYDROCOTYLE 



HYMENOCALLIS 



787 



Important generic characters are fr. strongly com- 

 pressed: calyx teeth minute or obsolete; petals concave, 

 valvate or imbricate: umbels simple. For culture, see 

 Bedding. 



rotundifdlia, Roxb. (H. sibthorpioldes , Lem. Sib- 

 thurpia Europtea, Hort., not Linn.). Fig. 1114. Lvs. 

 orbicular, cordate, subentire or 7-9-lobed to the middle 

 or lower, doubly crenate : umbel 6-8-fld. : fr. 2-ribbed. 

 Trop. Asia and Afr. Numerous synonyms are accounted 

 for by the variable length of the petiole. \y a ]yj 



HYDROPHYLLUM (Greek, water-leaf; application 

 obscure). Hydrophylldcece. About 7 species of Ameri- 

 can hardy herbaceous plants, mostly North American, 

 and perennial, with pinnate or palmately cut foliage and 

 cymose clusters of numerous small white, lilac, light 

 blue, purplish or violet fts. borne in early summer. 

 These plants grow a foot or two high, and are desirable 

 for shady situations where other plants do not succeed. 

 They are obtainable from dealers in native plants and 

 collectors. Floral parts in 5' s: ovary 2-celled: styles 2. 

 Important generic characters are: calyx appendaged or 

 not: corolla bell-shaped, the tube within bearing a lin- 

 ear, longitudinal appendage opposite each lobe, with in- 

 folded edges, forming a nectariferous groove. 



A. Calyx appendaged with a reflexed lobe at each 

 sinus. 



append iculatum, Michx. Biennial (all the others per- 

 ennial ) , hirsute with long spreading hairs : root-lvs. pin- 

 nately 5-7-parted : stem-lvs. palmately 5-7-angulated- 

 lobed: fls. violet or purple. B.B. 3:44. 



AA. Calyx not prominently appendaged (often minutely 

 appendaged in H. Canadense). 



B. Lvs. palmately cut. 



Canadense, Linn. Fls. mostly greenish white: some- 

 times purplish. B.R. 3:242. b B. 3:44. 



BB. Lvs. pinnately cut. 

 C. Peduncle shorter than the petioles. 

 capitatum, Dougl. Tufted, about 9 in. high : Ivs. 

 softly hirsute or pubescent. This and the next are the 

 only 2 far western species. 



cc. Peduncle longer than the petioles. 



D. Divisions of the leaf 7-15. 



occidentals, Gray. Pubescent, hirsute or sparingly 

 hispid: fls. violet-purple, varying to white: 1 ft. or more. 



DD. Divisions of the leaf 3-5. 



Virginicum, Linn. Glabrous or nearly so: fls. white 

 or violet-purple. B.B. 3:43. 



HYDROT-ffiNIA (Greek, water and band; referring 

 to a triangular glandular bar which secretes nectar). 

 Iridacetv. Four species of tender bulbs from Mexico 

 and Peru, more curious than beautiful, allied to Tigri- 

 dia, which see for culture. The following is procurable 

 from Dutch bulb growers. 



Van-Houttei, Baker. Stem 2-3 ft. long, bearing 2-3 

 fls. : Ivs. lanceolate, plaited, the lower 1 ft. long: spathes 

 inflated, 2 in. long : perianth campanulate; outer seg- 

 ments oblong, over 1 in. long, greenish outside, inside 

 dark brown, much veined, yellowish at tip; inner seg- 

 ments suborbicular, half as long, pale lilac, somewhat 

 veined. F.S. 21:2174, as Tigridia Houttei. 



HYMEN2EA (application obscure). Leguminbsce. 

 This includes a tree cult, in S. Calif, for its economic 

 interest. According to Von Mueller, the timber is hard, 

 extremely heavy, close-grained, used for select wheel- 

 \vork, treenails, beams, planks, and in various machinery. 

 A fragrant, amber-like resin, known as West Indian 

 copal, exudes from the stem. A tree of colossal size 

 and remarkable longevity, found in the West Indies, 

 Trop. Amer. and subtropical S. Amer. A genus of 8 

 species of tropical American trees: Ifts. 2, leathery, 

 said to close at night: fls. white, in short, densely 

 corymbose panicles; sepals 4; petals 5, sessile; sta- 

 mens 10: stigma small: pod short, indehiscent, woody. 



Courbarll, Linn. Lfts. unequal-sided, obliquely ob- 

 long-lanceolate: fls. pedicellate: pod few-seeded, filled 

 with an edible mealy pulp with a honey-like taste. 



HYMENOCALLIS (beautiful membrane, alluding to 

 the webbed filaments). Including Ismene. Amarylli- 

 ddcece. SPIDER LILY. SEA DAFFODIL. Bulbous plants 

 of about 30 species of the warm parts of the New World 

 (one in Africa), cult, for the fragrant white (in 1 spe- 

 cies yellow), umbellate fls. Perianth with a cylindrical 

 tube, equal linear or lanceolate segments: stamens 6, 

 the filaments free above but webbed and united into a 

 cup below, the anthers narrow and versatile: ovarv 3- 

 loculed, with 2 ovules in each, bearing a long, slender 

 style and capitate stigma: scape solid and compressed, 

 arising from a tunicated bulb: Ivs. oblong or strap- 

 shape. The genus is represented in the Old World by 

 Pancratium, which differs chiefly in having many ovules 

 in each locule. For an account of the species, see 

 Baker, Amaryllidese, pp. 120-129 (1888). 



Some of the species of Hymenocallis are winter 

 bloomers : these should be treated essentially like 

 Crinums, being rested or kept slow in the summer. 

 They require a warm temperature. Of such are H. 

 macro Stephana, H. speciosa, H. Caribcea. Other species 

 require an intermediate or conservatory temperature, 

 and bloom in spring or summer, resting in winter. 

 Of such are H. calathina, If. Harrisiana, H. Made- 

 ana, H. lacera, H. littoralis. Some of these latter or 

 intermediate-house species are hardy in the southern 

 states, there blooming in spring, as H. lacera, H. Gal- 

 vestonensis, and others. The species of Hymenocallis 

 require no special treatment (see Bu.bs}, except that 

 the same bulbs may be flowered year after year if they 

 receive good care. Use turfy or peaty soil that will not 

 become "sour" or soggy. Prop, by offsets from the 

 bulbs. 



INDEX. 



calathina, 12. Harrisiana, 6. rotata, 9. 



Caribaea, 7. lacera, 9. Senegambiea, 5. 



declinatum, 1. littoralis, 4. speciosa, 3. 



Galvestonensis, 8. Macleana, 11. tubiflora, 1. 



Quianense, 1. macrostephana, 10. 



A. Filaments long and slender beyond the small cup. 

 B. Lvs. distinctly petioled. 



1. tubifldra, Salisb. Bulb ovoid, about 4 in. in diam., 

 short-necked : leaf -blade about a foot long and one-third 

 to one-half as broad at the middle, the petiole 6-12 in. 

 long: scape 1 ft. tall: fls. many in the umbel and ses- 

 sile, the valves or bracts broad and cuspidate: tube of 

 perianth greenish, 6-8 in. long, the linear white reflex- 

 ing segments 4 in. long: cup 1 in. long, not toothed, less 

 than half or a third the length of the free part of the 

 filament. Northeastern 'S. Amer. B.R. 4:265, as Pan- 

 cratium Guianense, Ker. 



2. undulata, Herb. Bulb ovoid, 3-4 in. in diam. : Ivs. 

 with an oblong blade 1 ft. long and half as wide, cross- 

 veined : scape 2 ft. long, compressed : fls. about 10, ses- 

 sile, the tube 6-7 in. long, and the segments 3-4 in. 

 long and linear, white, with tinged red cup an inch long. 

 Venezuela. 



3. specidsa, Salisb. Bulb globular, 3-4 in. in diam. : 

 Ivs. 20 or less, large (often 2 ft. long), oblanceolate -ob- 

 long and acute, narrowed into a channelled petiole : 

 scape mostly snorter than the foliage, glaucous: fls. 

 10-15, on very short pedicels, the bracts or spathe- 

 valves 3-4 in. long: tube of perianth greenish, 3-4 in. 

 long, the segments often twice longer (entire fl. often 

 9 in. long) : cup about 1% in. long, toothed, the free 

 parts of the filaments little longer than the cup. W. 

 Indies. B.M. 1453. Gn. 47, p, 294. F. 1883, p. 71. -One 

 of the best. The bulb improves with age if care is taken 

 in growing and repotting. The Ivs. are evergreen and 

 handsome. Fls. very fragrant, retaining their scent 

 even when dried. Blooms in winter. This and H. 

 macrostephana are the most showy species. 



B. Lvs. not petioled, strap-shaped, 

 c. Perianth tube mostly above S in. long. 



4. littoralis, Salisb. Bulb 3-4 in. in diam. : Ivs. about 

 12, 2-3 ft. long, 1% in. broad, acute: scape 2-edged, 2 ft. 

 or less tall : fls. 4-8 in a sessile umbel, the tube 6-7 in. 

 long and green-tinged, the segments linear and recurved, 

 4 in. long, joined to the base of the cup : the cup funnel- 

 shape, broader and longer, toothed, the free part of the 



