ILEX 



ILLINOIS 



799 



'obtxisely pointed, entire. 2-3 in. long : fr. large, rather long- 

 peduncled, red. Japan. I. lonyipes, Chapm. Deciduous shrub, 

 ;ftilied to I. decidua: Ivs. elliptic-lanceolate, crenately serrate, 

 almost glabrotis: t'r. globose, slender-pedicelled. N. C.toGa., 

 ivest to La. G. F. 3:345. 7. inicrocdrpa, Lindl. = rotunda, 

 Thunb. I. Paraguariensis, St. Hil. (I. Paraguayensis, Auth.). 

 MATE. PARAGUAY TEA. Shrub, to 15 ft.: Ivs. obovate, obtuse, 

 obtusely serrate, 2-5 in. long, glabrous: fr. small, peduncled. 

 Brazil./. Perddo, Ait. (I. platyphyllos.Webb. & Berth.). Ever- 

 green pyramidal tree, to 20 ft., glabrous: Ivs. broadly ovate or 

 'bovate to oblong, entire, serrate on young plants, 2-5 in long: 

 -'r large, red, clustered, short-pedicelled, on last year's growth: 

 Oanar. L.B.C. 6:549. B.M.4079. /. rotunda, Thunb. (I. micro- 

 >arpa, Lindl.). Evergreen shrub or tree, to 40 ft.: Ivs. oblong 

 )r elliptic, acute, pointed, quite entire: fr. small, red, in pe- 

 itincled clusters. Japan. P.F.G. l,p. 43. G.C. 1850:311. F.S.7, 

 'p. 216. I. rugosa, F. Schmidt. Evergreen low spreading shrub, 

 sometimes prostrate, glabrous: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate to lan- 

 ceolate, remotely crenate-serrate, rugose above, %-2 in. long: 

 :r. usually solitary, scarlet. Japan, Sacchalin. /. triflora, 

 Brandegee. Evergreen tree, to 40 ft., with spreading pubescent 

 branches: Ivs. elliptic-lanceolate, remotely serrate or almost 

 sntire, pubescent, 2-3% in. long: fls. 5-merous. Calif. G.F. 7:416 

 [by error named I. California). ALFRED REHDER. 



ILLlCIUM( Latin for allurement; probably in reference 

 ;o the agreeable odor). Magnoliacece. A half dozen spe- 

 lies in Japan, China, India and eastern N. America. 

 Small trees or shrubs, glabrous, with thick, short-peti- 

 5led entire evergreen Ivs.: fls. small, solitary or in 3's 

 in the axils of Ivs. or bud-scales, nodding or inclined, 

 fellow or purplish ; sepals 3-6; petals many, imbricated 

 in 3 or more rows or series; stamens 10-many, with 

 chick filaments: carpels usually many, forming a ring 

 )f almost woody pods. The Illiciums are aromatic plants 

 with perfect fls. 



One of the Illiciums furnishes the Star or Chinese 

 Anise, which is the small star shaped cluster of fruits. 

 The odor and flavor strongly resemble Anise. It is much 

 ised in oriental countries in cookery, and is exported to 

 some extent and is said to be used in flavoring certain 

 'French wines. This product comes from China. It has 

 ;been supposed to be the product of /. anisatum of 

 Linnaeus, but that plant is a Japanese tree and it con- 

 tains a poison. In the American trade are the names 

 /. anisatum and /. religiosum. It now transpires that 

 ;hese names belong to the same plant, and that the Star 

 'Anise is produced by another species. This other spe- 

 ; iies, or the true Star Anise, was first accurately de- 

 scribed and figured (as /. verum, Hook. f. ) in B.M. 

 7005 (1888), where the confusion of two or three cen- 

 :uries is elucidated. There is probably only one East 

 Asian lllicium in the trade in N. Amer., as follows: 



anisatum, Linn., not Gaertn. (/. religidsum, Sieb. & 

 ! Zucc.). Small tree: Ivs. alternate, elliptic, short-peti- 

 >led, somewhat acuminate: fls. mostly solitary, sessile 

 )r nearly so, yellowish, not fragrant, with many very 

 larrow petals, and 20-30 stamens. Japan. B.M. 3965. 

 jrrown far S. There is a form with variegated Ivs. 



Two native Illiciums growing in the Gulf country are: I. 

 Floridanum, Ellis. Shrub, 6-10 ft.: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. 

 >r more long: petals 20-30, very narrow, dark crimson. B.M. 

 ![39. Gn. 36, p. 151. J.H. III. 30:365. /. parviflorum, Michx. 

 Livs. elliptic or lanceolate, mostly under 4 in. long: petals very 

 imall (% in. long), 6-11, yellowish. L jj g t 



\ ILLINOIS, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1126. The 

 state of Illinois, lying in the heart of the Mississippi 

 galley, the most fertile portion of the United States, and 

 ,;vith its eastern boundary over 700 miles from the At- 

 : tantic coast, has a range north and south of a little over 

 350 miles, extending from 37 to 42 30' north latitude, 

 md a breadth east and west of about 200 miles at its 

 Widest point. In spite of its great length, the difference 

 ;.n mean annual temperature between the extreme north - 

 j^rn and southern parts of the state is only 10 F., 

 ilthough the rainfall in the southern part is one-half 

 greater than in the northern. 



Soil conditions alone considered, Illinois stands, agri- 

 culturally, at the very forefront. Third among the states 

 )f the Union (1890) in population, and first in railroad 

 .nileage, it is also first in total bulk of agricultural and 

 Horticultural products. There are no considerable tracts 

 )f worthless land in the state; and the statistics col- 

 '.ected by the State Board of Agriculture show every one 

 ! >f the 102 counties of the state to be fruit-producing. 



51 



The statistics of the census of 1890 showed Illinois at 

 that time to be easily third in rank among the horti- 

 cultural states. 



The horticultural interests of Illinois have been well 

 looked after and carefully placed on a permanent basis 

 by the legislature. In 1874 an act was passed by that 

 body establishing the Illinois State Horticultural Society 

 (which was organized in 1855) as a public corporation 



AKE 

 J6HIGAN 



CAIRO 



1126. Illinois. 

 Showing three horticultural divisions, following county lines. 



of the state. The State Horticultural Society is divided 

 into three subdivisions, the Northern, Central and South- 

 ern Illinois Horticultural Societies, each taking in about 

 one-third of the state ( see map) . The State Horticultural 

 Society has been liberally supported by the legislature 

 since its foundation, and is in a flourishing condition. 



The most distinctive fruit section of Illinois is the 

 southern third. This area contains something over 

 150,000 acres devoted to the growing of apples alone. 

 Other deciduous fruits, notably peaches and pears, and 

 small fruits, especially strawberries, are also grown in 

 large quantities in this part of Illinois. During the sea- 

 son of 1898 over 800 car-loads of strawberries alone were 

 shipped to outside markets from the fruit districts of 

 southern Illinois. Increased shipping facilities and the 

 coming into bearing of orchards already some time 

 planted are rapidly bringing southern Illinois into com- 

 petition with Michigan in the production of peaches. 



The southern fruit district, as indicated on the map, 

 lies between 37 and 39 30' north latitude, the former 

 being the latitude of Norfolk, Va., and the latter that 

 of Baltimore, Md. The climate of this district is best 

 indicated by the fact that the isotherm 55 F. passes 

 through the northern part of the district, the same tem- 

 perature line also passing through the peach and sweet 

 potato districts of Delaware and southern New Jersey. 

 The 50 isotherm passes through Illinois about on the 

 dividing line between the northern and central fruit dis- 



