802 



INCARVILLEA 



INCARVtlLEA (after Incarville, the French Jesuit 

 missionary to China). Bignoniacece. About 10 species 

 of herbaceous perennials from central Asia, one of 

 which, /. Delavayi, has achieved extraordinary notice 

 since 1893. It is a hardy plant with handsome pinnate 

 foliage, each leaf being 1 ft. long, with as many as 15-20 

 dentate segments: scape 1-2 ft. high, bearing 2-12 large 

 trumpet-shaped, rosy purple tis., each 2-3 in. long and 

 > much wide. These fls. are probably equal in decora- 

 tive value to many of the Bignonias cherished in our 

 greenhouses. In size and beauty they rank with those 

 of Catalpa, Bignonia and Tecoma, of the same family. 

 This species is certainly the finest hardy herbaceous 

 perennial in the Bignonia family. The tube is yellow 

 inside and out, and the 2 upper lobes are smaller than 

 the 3 lower ones. The genus is closely allied to Amphi- 

 come, and the flowers of both have the same general ap- 

 pearance, but in Incarvillea the calyx lobes are awl- 

 shaped, while in Amphicome the calyx is truncate or 

 shortly dentate. Also the seeds of Incarvillea have an 

 entire hyaline wing, while in Amphicome the seeds have 

 a wing that is cut into long thin, strips or hairs. The 

 two genera form a small but remarkable group, charac- 

 terized by their capsules opening by the ventral suture 

 only. William Watson declares that Incarvilleas are not 

 annuals, as stated in the botanies. 



The general experience seems to be that these plants 

 need rather more winter protection than most hardy 

 herbaceous perennials. A light, sandy loam, well en- 

 riched and deeply worked, suits them well, and they like 

 a sheltered position in a rather warm, sunny place. 

 Prop, by division or seed. 



A. Segments toothed from base to apex. 



Delavayi, Bur. & Franch. Fig. 1130. Lvs. few, radi- 

 cal; Ifts. 4-5 in. long, not quite opposite: stamens in- 

 cluded. B.M. 7462. Gn. 54:1198. R.H. 1893:544. J.H. 

 111.30:449. Gt. 43:1398. Mn. 3, p. 26. G.C. III. 26:659. 

 G.M. 38:306. 



1130. Incarvillea Delavayi. 

 AA. Segments parted or dissected. 

 variabilis, Batalin. Subshrub: Ivs. 2- or 3-pinnate; 

 segments parted or dissected, their lobes entire or 

 slightly lobed: fls. as many as 10, pale rose. Gt. 47, p. 

 222. -Int. 1898 by Haage and Schmidt, who say that it 

 makes a strong-growing, bushy plant covered with fls. 

 each 1 in. or more across, from May to Oct.: also that 

 seedlings bloom the first year. 



AAA. Segments often entire or nearly so. 

 B. Form of segments lanceolate or narrower. 

 Olgae, Regel ( /. Kodpmannii,W. Lauche ) . Subshrub, 

 2-3 ft. high: Ivs. 2-4 in. long; segments linear-oblong 



INDIANA 



or lanceolate, narrower than in /. Delavayi, especially 

 at the base, entire or with a few distant teeth towards 

 the tip: tts. pale pink, veiny; ttibe IK in. long; limb 

 about 1 in. across, the 5 lobes nearly equal. B.M. 6593 

 (throat not yellow). G. C. II. 19:89. Gn. 28, p. 653.- 

 The hardiest species. 



BB. Form of segments ovate or broader. 

 grandifldra, Bur. & Franch. Differs from /. Delavayi 

 in its shorter Ivs., more rounded Ifts., short scapes 

 bearing only 1 or 2 fls. as large as those of /. Delavayi, 

 but with narrower calyx lobes and longer corolla lobes, 

 the color deep rose-red. Dried specimens show about a 

 dozen scapes on a plant. China. Gn. 56:1230. Int. 

 about 1898. Imperfectly known, and may be a form of 

 /. compacta. I. grandiflora, Poir.=Tecow grandiflora. 

 /. grandiflora, Spreng.=^Hschynanthus grandiflora. 

 J. B. KELLER and W. M. 



INDIANA, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1131. Indiana 

 is essentially a fruit-growing state. There is no part of 

 its soil that cannot be made suitable for the production 

 of fruit of some kind. There are portions, however, that 

 are better adapted to the growing of wheat and corn or 

 grazing on account of the prairie character of the soil, 

 or the climatic conditions, which render the cultivation 

 of orchard fruits a precarious business. By referring to 

 the accompanying map, it will be seen that the mean 

 annual isotherms for the year 1898, and the same will 

 hold approximately for a series of years, are decidedly 

 irregular in the northern part of the state, while in the 

 southern half they run more uniformly across the state. 

 This is caused very largely by the ameliorating influence 

 of Lake Michigan, which is felt very perceptibly along 

 the northern counties which are protected from the 

 severe northwest winds ; but it is not felt in any appre- 

 ciable degree as we go down the western side of the 

 state. And so it often happens that the temperature 

 falls lower 75 miles south of Lake Michigan than it does 

 in the counties bordering on Michigan. This difference 

 is often great enough to render peach growing in this 

 section, as a commercial business, out of the question. 

 From the northeastern portion of the state south to the 

 Ohio river, and covering all that territory not already 

 mentioned, the climate is not so severe, and fine crops 

 of peaches are often produced. The dotted line, shown 

 on the map, starting near Michigan City and running in 

 an irregular line, taking in most of the famous Kankakee 

 marshes, thence in a southerly and westerly direction, 

 finally striking the west line of the state a little north of 

 Terra Haute, is intended to indicate, approximately, that 

 portion of the state that is better adapted to the growing 

 of general farm crops than fruit. This is not wholly due 

 to climatic causes, but in a large degree to adverse soil 

 conditions. A large part of this region is flat prairie 

 land ; much of it was once covered with marshes, but 

 with modern drainage facilities nearly all of this natur- 

 ally fertile laud has been improved until it has become 

 one of the best farming sections in the state. Only 

 occasional spots, however, are high enough for orchard 

 purposes ; but small-fruits and vegetables grow with 

 the greatest luxuriance, and large quantities of these are 

 shipped to the Chicago market. A region in the Kanka- 

 kee valley, including Starke and adjoining counties, is 

 famous for its sugar beet productions. The soil here is 

 of a sandy nature, eminently adapted to the culture of 

 this vegetable ; specimens have been analyzed which 

 yielded 22 per cent of sugar, with a purity coefficient of 

 90 to 95. While there are not many large commercial 

 orchards found in the northern and northeastern por- 

 tions of the state, the soil and climate are admirably 

 adaj ted to the growing of all kinds of orchard fruits, 

 with the exception of peaches, which are grown only to 

 a limited extent. Here we find a sandy or clay loam, 

 with clay subsoil, which was originally covered with 

 oak, maple, hickory, walnut and all kinds of hardwoods 

 found in this climate. The sui-face is more or less roll- 

 ing, with numerous small lakes dotting the landscape 

 thus insuring both soil and atmospheric drainage. In 

 the shallow waters of some of these lakes and marshes 

 the cranberry finds congenial surroundings, and in the 

 sandy districts of Pulaski, Fulton, Kosciusko and sur- 

 rounding counties, the huckleberry grows to perfection. 



