JUB^EA 



eaths: Ivs. terminal, pinnatisect; segments spread- 

 g, linear-lanceolate, rigid; margins recurved; rachis 

 terally compressed, convex on the back, acute beneath ; 

 eath "short, open. Allied genera in cult, are Attalea, 

 )cos, Maximiliana and Scheelea, which are distin- 



.lished chiefly by the staminate fls. In Jubsea the 

 :tals are lanceolate: stamens numerous, included, the 

 ither cells connate: fr. 1-seeded. In Attalea the petals 

 e lanceolate : stamens 10-24, included, anther cells con- 

 ite: fr. 2-6-seeded. For distinctions from other genera 

 nsult, also, Cocos, Maximiliana and Scheelea, 

 spectabilis, HBK. Height 40-60 ft.: Ivs. 6-12 ft. 



;ng. G.C. II. 18:401; III. 18:516. Gn. 5, p. 413. V. 8:340. 

 The southernmost American palm. 



W. H. TAPLIN and W. M. 

 JUDAS TEEE. Cercis. 



JUGLANS (ancient Latin name from Jovis glans, nut 

 : Jupiter). Juglandacece. WALNUT. BUTTERNUT. Or- 

 amental and fruit-bearing trees, rarely shrubs, with 

 2ciduous, alternate, odd-pinnate Ivs., and with incon- 

 ricuous greenish fls., appearing with the Ivs., the 

 :aminate in pendulous slender catkins, the pistillate in 

 >w- to many-fld. racemes: the fr. a large drupe, con- 

 dning an edible nut. Most of the species are hardy, 

 ad are very valuable park trees, with a massive, 

 ;raight trunk, and a light and airy broad top, the best 

 'eing probably J. nigra, one of the noblest trees of the 

 merican forest. J . regia, J. Californica and the Mexi- 



JUGLANS 



J.cinerea has some medicinal properties. The nuts of 

 all species are edible, and are an article of commercial 

 importance, especially those of the European Walnut, 

 which are the best. This species is extensively grown 



1193. Leaf of Juglana nigra (X%). 



:an species are tender in the North. Though many 

 fungi and insects prey-on the Walnut, none of them do 

 , very serious damage, the worst being, perhaps, the hick- 

 ; ory-borer. The wood of the Walnut, which is easily 

 worked and susceptible of receiving a beautiful polish, 

 jis much used for cabinet-making and the interior finish 

 .of houses, especially that of J. nigra and regia, which 

 iis heavy, strong and durable, and of dark brown color, 

 while that of J. cinerea and Sieboldiana is light and soft. 

 The husks of the nuts are sometimes used for dyeing 

 yellow, and the bark for tanning leather. The husk of 



1194. Pistillate flowers of Juglans cinerea. 

 Natural size. 



in the warmer parts of Europe, in California and in the 

 east from Pennsylvania to Georgia. The nuts of the 

 native species are also sold on the market, but mostly 

 gathered in the woods, though a number of improved 

 varieties are in cultivation. J. Sieboldiana and./ cordi- 

 formis,vfith nuts superior to those of the native species, 

 will probably become valuable nut trees where J. regia 

 is too tender; the nuts of both are much valued in 

 Japan. The Walnut grows best in moderately moist, 

 rich soil, but J. cinerea is more moisture-loving and 

 J. regia prefers well-drained hillsides. They are not 

 easily transplanted when older, and therefore the nuts 

 are often planted where the trees are to stand, but they 

 may be safely transplanted when 2 or 3 years old, or 

 even later when they have been transplanted in the 

 nursery. Prop, by seeds, which should be stratified and 

 not allowed to become dry. A light, sandy soil is to be 

 preferred, as the young plants produce more fibrous 

 roots, while in stiff soil they are liable to make a long 

 taproot. The young seedlings are transplanted when 

 about 2 years old; sometimes the taproot is cut by a 

 long knife. Varieties are often grafted on potted stock 

 in the greenhouse in early spring or are budded in sum- 

 mer, either shield- or flute-budding being employed; 

 even top-grafting of old trees is sometimes practiced. 

 About 10 species in N. Amer., south to.Mex. and from 

 S. E. Europe to E. Asia. Trees, rarely large shrubs : the 

 stout brancnes with laminate 

 pith : Ivs. without stipules, 

 of aromatic fragrance when 

 bruised: staminate fls. with 

 a 2-5-lobed perianth and 

 6-30 stamens, in slender cat- 

 kins ; pistillate fls. in few- 

 to many-fld. racemes: ovary 

 inferior, 1-celled, with 4 

 calyx lobes and included in 

 a 3-lobed involucre : fr. a 

 large drupe with a thick, in- 

 dehiscent husk; nut 2- or 4- 

 celled at the base, indehis- 

 cent or separating at last 

 into 2 valves. For culture 

 and further information, see 

 U. S. Dept. of Agric., Nut 

 Culture in the U. S., quoted 

 below as U. S. N. C. ; see, 

 also, Walnut. 



A. Fr. glabrous or finely pubescent: nut 4-celled at 



the base. 



B. Lfts. 5-13, almost entire. 



regia, Linn. PERSIAN or ENGLISH WALNUT. Round 

 headed tree, to 70 ft. : Ivs. oblong or oblong-ovate, acute 



1195. Juglans Mandschurica. 



Natural size. 



