JUGLANS 



cordifdrmis, Maxim. Fig. 1199. In habit and foliage 

 ery near to the preceding, but Ivs. less pubescent, and 

 . ut very different, heart-shaped, much flattened, sharply 

 -edged and with a shallow longitudinal groove in the 

 ,iiddle of the flat sides, smooth and rather thin-shelled. 

 : apan. U.S.N.C. 7, p. 6. 



JUNIPERUS 



847 



1199. Juglans cordiformis. Natural size. 



intermedia, Carr. (J. nigra x regia). Hybrid of gar- 

 |[.en origin of which two forms have been described. 

 r ar. pyrifdrmis, Carr., with a fr. more resembling that 

 f J. regia. R.H. 1863, p. 30. Var. Vilmoriniana, Carr., 

 nth afr. more like that of J. nigra. G.F. 4:52-53. 

 'robably also J. regia gibbosa, Carr., with a large, thick- 

 helled, deeply rugose nut, belongs here. R.H. 1861, p. 

 . 28. Gn. 50, p. 478. Another not uncommon hybrid is J. 

 uadrangulata, Carr. (J. cinerea x regia. J. alata, 

 ilort.), of which large trees are known as well in this 

 ountry as in Europe. G.F. 7:435. R.H. 1870, p. 494. 

 lybrids between J. Californica and J. regia and be- 

 ween J. Californica and J. nigra have been raised by 

 juther Burbank, and a hybrid of J. cinerea and nigra 

 las been reported from Germany as J. cinereo -nigra, 

 Vender. ALFRED REHDEB. 



JUJUBE. Zizyphus Jujuba. 



JUNCUS (classical name, "to join"). Juncacece. 

 irsHES. Grass-like plants growing in wet or rarely in 

 ; lry places, and sending up from the rootstock numer- 

 'ms cylindrical, strict, commonly unbranched stems, 

 vhich bear a terminal cyme of greenish flowers: Ivs. 

 jrass-like, terete or flat : perianth of 6 rigid, chaffy 

 >arts: stamens short, either 3 or 6: capsule 3-celled or 

 arely 1-celled, many-seeded. Rushes differ from the 

 rue grasses and sedges in having a true perianth and a 

 nany-seeded pod. The genus includes a host of species 

 listributed throughout the temperate regions, but only 

 he following are in the American trade, and are used 

 'or planting in bogs and around aquatic gardens. Rushes 

 tre sold by dealers in native and aquatic plants. The 

 cind used in making mats in Japan is procurable from 

 lealers in Japanese plants. 



effusus, Linn. (J. communis, Hort.). COMMON RUSH. 

 ?ig. 1200. Stem soft, 1-4 ft. high, not leaf-bearing: 

 ;yme diffuse, 1-2 in. long, appearing lateral : sepals 

 icute. equaling the short, retuse and pointless greenish 

 >rown capsule: stamens 3: seeds small, not tailed, 

 ^orth temperate zone. Used also for weaving into mats, 

 : >tc. Var. congestus. Hort. Cyme dense and capitate. 

 v^ir. vittatus, Buch. (J. effusus, var. aureo-striatus, 

 Hort. J. conglomeratus variegatus, Hort.). Foliage 

 striped with yellow. Var. spiralis, Hort. A curious 

 conn with stems spirally twisted like a corkscrew. 

 , conglomeratus, Linn. Very similar to the above: 

 Byrnes congested and capitate, appearing lateral: cap- 

 sule obovoid, obtuse or retuse, apiculate. North temp. 

 regions. Differs mainly in the apiculate capsule. Prob- 

 ably much of the trade material named this to be re- 

 ferred to congested forms of J. effusus. 



J. zebrlnus, Hort. =Scirpus Tabernsemontanus, var. zebri- 



K. M. WIEGAND. 



JUNEBERRY. Amelanchier. 



JUNlPEKUS (ancient Latin name). Coniferce. JUNI- 

 PER. Ornamental evergreen trees and shrubs with oppo- 

 site or whorled, needle-shaped or scale-like Ivs. often 

 on the same tree, and with inconspicuous small fls. : fr. 



54 



a berry-like small cone, usually globose. Many of the 

 species are hardy North, as J. Virginiana, communis, 

 rigida, Sabina, Chinensis, Pseudo-sabina, sphverica, 

 Davurica, recurva var. squamata ; others are half- 

 hardy, as J. Oxycedrus, macrocarpa, recurva, excelsa, 

 occidentalis, while some, as J. procera, Bermudiana, 

 thurifera and the Mexican species, can only 

 be grown South. All are valuable ornamen- 

 tal plants, and the erect-growing species, 

 mostly of pyramidal or columnar habit, are 

 decorative as single specimens on the lawn or 

 if planted in groups. Some varieties form a 

 very nari'ow column, and are valuable for 

 formal gardens ; the columnar form of J. 

 Virginiana is a good substitute in the North 

 for the classical cypress. The low Junipers, 

 as J. communis var. nana, Sabina, and re- 

 curva var. squamata, are well adapted for 

 covering rocky slopes or sandy banks. The 

 close-grained, fragrant wood is much used for 

 the interior finish of houses and in the manu- 

 facture of small articles, also for posts, since 

 it is very durable in the soil; that of J. Virginiana and 

 Bermudiana is in great demand for pencil-making. The 

 fruits and also the young branchlets of some species 

 contain an aromatic oil used in medicine. The fruit of 

 J. drupacea is edible. The Junipers thrive best in sandy 

 and loamy, moderately moist soil, but grow well even 

 in rather dry, rocky and gravelly ground. They prefer 

 sunny, open situations. They are well adapted for 

 hedges and for planting as shelter or wind-breaks ; 

 also for seaside planting. Prop, by seeds, which ger- 



1200. Common Rush. Juncus effusus. 



The flower-cluster, a, is natural size. The single 



flower, 6, is enlarged. 



minate usually the second and sometimes the third 

 year, or by cuttings of nearly ripened wood in fall un- 

 der glass, either outdoors or in the greenhouse. As a 

 rule, those with needle-shaped Ivs. root much easier 



