KIDNEY BEAN 



KIDNEY BEAN. Common name in England for the 

 mmon beans in distinction from the Lima bean, the 

 rmer being Phaseolus vulgaris, the latter P. hinatus. 



KIDNEY VETCH. See Anthyllis. 

 KINGNUT. Carya sulcata. 

 KIN- KAN. See Kumquat. 



KINNIKINNICK. Dry bark of Cormis Amomum, 

 uoked by western Indians. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. See Vegetable Gardening, 

 , and Horticulture. 



KLEINIA. Of the 3 genera of Compositse of this 

 arae, 2 are referred to Porophyllum and Jaumea, but 

 le trade names will be accounted for under Senecio. 



KNAPWEED. See Centaurea. 

 KNIGHT'S STAR. Hippeastrum equestre. 



KNIPHOFIA (Johann Hieronymus Kuiphof, 1704- 

 765, professor at Erfurt). Liliacece. This genus in - 

 ludes the Red-hot Poker Plant (Fig. 1211), which is 

 nique in its appearance and one of the most striking 

 lants in common cultivation. No one who has ever 

 een its pyramidal spike of blazing red fls. borne in au- 

 imn is likely to forget when and where he "discovered" 

 uis plant. It is herbaceous and nearly hardy N., has 

 \vord-shaped lvs.2-3 ft. long, and several scapes 4 or 



ft. high surmounted by a spike 4-8 in. long composed 

 f perhaps 100 tubular, drooping fls., each 1 in. or more 

 >ng, and fiery, untamed red. A sky-rocket is not more 

 tartling. By far the commonest species is K. aloides, 

 vhich has perhaps a dozen varieties with Latin names 

 nd twice as many with personal names. All the other 

 pecies have much the same general effect, and are of 

 uterest chiefly to collectors and fanciers. Poker Plants 

 re hardy south of Philadelphia when well covered in 

 winter, but in the North it is generally safer to dig up 

 he plants in November, place them in boxes with dry 

 arth, and store them in a cellar in winter. In spring 

 lace them in a warm, sheltered, well-drained spot, 

 referably with a background of shrubbery to set off the 

 lowers. 



The genus is confined to Africa and Madagascar, and 



I but two of the species numbered below are from 

 outh Africa. The plants seem to be still better known 

 o the trade as species of Tritoma, but the following ac- 

 <mnt omits most of such synonyms. Bentham and 

 looker placed Kniphofia between Funkia and Notoscep- 

 rum. The latter genus is not in cultivation, and Fun- 

 :ia has blue or white fls., which colors are not found in 

 Kniphofia. Poker Plants have fls. of red, orange or yel- 

 ow. Blandfordia has similar colors and agrees in hav- 

 ng pendulous tubular tts. with short lobes, and also 

 ong, narrow Irs., but the stamens are fixed at the mid- 

 He of the tube, and the capsule has septicidal dehis- 

 ence, while in Kniphofia the stamens are fixed under 

 he pistil and the capsule has loculicidal dehiscence. 



Kniphofias are often classed by dealers as bulbous 

 ilants, though they have only a short rhizome and nu- 

 nerous, clustered, thickish root-fibers. Baker speaks of 



e raceme" of a Kniphofia, but the pedicels are so short 

 hat the inflorescence is here spoken of as a " spike, "par- 

 icularly as a spike signifies to the popular mind a 

 lenser inflorescence than a raceme. Most of the spe- 

 cies have been very recently monographed by Baker in 

 ? lora Capensis, vol. 6 and Flora of Trop. Afr. vol. 7. 

 When the height of the plants is given below, it refers 

 'to the height of the scape. 



Index of names exclusive of those in the supplemen- 



tary lists (varieties and synonyms in italic) : 



abides, 1. corollina, 5. Nelsoni, 4. 



glaucescens, 1. nobilis, 1. 



grandiflora, 1. pauciflora, 8. 



caulescens. 6. grandis, 1. Rooperi, 2. 



Leiehtlinii, 9. Saundersii, 1. 



coromanum, 5. Macowanii. 5 Tuekii, 7. 



KNIPHOFIA 859 



A. Length of perianth 1 in. or more. 

 B. Stemless or nearly so. 



c. Form of Ivs. sword - shaped- 

 acuminate. 

 D. Color of Ivs. dull green. 



E. Width of Ivs. %-I in l. aloides 



EE. Width of Ivs. IY Z in 2. Rooperi 



DD. Color of Ivs. bright green 3. Burchelli 



CO. Form of Ivs. linear. 



D. Width of Ivs. one-sixteenth to 



one-twelfth of an inch 4. Nelsoni 



DD. Width of Ivs. one-eighth to 



one-sixth of an inch 5. Maeowanii 



BB. Stem 6-12 in. long 6. caulescens 



AA. Length of perianth %-% in. 



B. Form of perianth subcylindrical . . 7. Tuekii 

 BB. Form of perianth funnel-shaped. 

 c. Width of Ivs. one-eighth to one- 

 sixth of an inch 8. pauciflora 



CC. Width of Ivs. % in. 



D. Stamens 1% times as long as 



the perianth 9. Leiehtlinii 



DD. Stamens twice as long as the 



perianth 10. comosa 



1. aloidw, Moench (K. Uvaria, Hook. Tritoma 

 Uvdria,Ker.). RED-HOT POKER PLANT. POKER PLANT. 

 TORCH LILY. FLAME FLOWER. Fig. 1211. Lvs. slightly 



1211. Kniphofia aloides. 



Separate flower natural size. . 



glaucous, 2-3 ft. long, scabrous on the margin, acutely 

 keeled, with 30-40 close vertical veins : raceme dense, 

 often 6 in. long, 2%-3 in. thick: upper fls. bright red, 

 lower ones yellow; perianth cylindrical; stamens some- 

 times barely exserted. F.S. 13:1393. B.M. 4816:758.- 

 The following varieties with Latin names are in the 

 trade and usually advertised as apparent species under 

 Kuiphofia or Tritoma. They may be all more or less 

 distinct horticulturally. An everblooming kind is adver- 

 tised in 1900 and said to flower from June to Dec. Var. 

 carnosa is figured in Gn. 19 :286 with the fls. opening from 

 the top instead of the bottom, and with red filaments 

 and yellow anthers. Leichtlin introduced it about 1881 

 and said it grew l%-2 ft. high, the apricot-red of the 

 fls. toned down by a glaucous bloom. Var. floribunda is 

 early-flowering, says Van Tubergen. Var. glauca is less 

 known than the next. Var. glaucescens is figured in Gn. 

 36:727 with a spike 9 in. long, of "vermilion-scarlet fls. 

 changing to a more orange color. One of the freest 

 bloomers. Int. 1859." Foliage somewhat glaucous. 

 Var. grandiflora, one of the earliest improvements on the 

 type. John Saul said it grows 2-3 ft. high. Var. grandis. 

 The largest-flowered of all; fls. red and yellow, 5ft." 

 Woolson. Referred by Kew authorities to var. maxima. 

 Var. ndbilis is said by Carriere, R.H. 1885:252, to have 



