LAPAGERIA 



must be open and sandy. They should be trained 

 against a wall, facing either the east or north. Abun- 

 dant syringing, temperature not to exceed 50 to 60 at 

 night, "and even as low as 45 at night in winter, plenty 

 a ir, these are requisites. In winter they require but 

 little water except spraying when the temperature war- 

 rants it. Where no such sandy strata or subsoil exists 

 it must be provided, but care must be taken that they 

 are not crowded into an obscure corner where the soil 

 will not dry out, as otherwise it will sour and the plants 

 not do well. The roots must not be put too deep, as the 

 plant is a shallow rooter. If no sand-bed can be had it 

 is best to have the young plants in shallow pans, and, 

 breaking the bottom, set them into such a prepared 

 bed, sinking the pans until the roots go out into the 

 prepared bed. In their native homes Lapagerias grow 

 where plenty of water falls during their growing sea- 

 son and where they are semi-dormant the rest of the 

 year. They flower from the well-ripened and matured 

 wood of. a'strong growth. Propagation is effected by 

 by means of layers or from seeds. H. ^ SIEBRECHT. 



LAPEIROtTSIA. Preferably spelled Lapeyrousia. 



LAPEYROtJSIA (Jean Francois GaloupdeLapeyrouse, 

 distinguished French naval officer, born 1741). Irida- 

 cece. About 32 species of African bulbs, something like 

 Freesias, but with blue or red fls., which are produced in 

 summer instead of spring. They can be grown outdoors 

 in the North with some winter covering, and are said to 

 be quite hardy south of Washington, D. C., if planted 

 deep. By American dealers they are still listed under 

 the name of Anomatheca, which Baker has reduced to 

 one of the 3 subgenera of Lapeyrousia, characterized by 

 having several Ivs. forming a 2-ranked basal rosette, ac- 

 companied by a long, branched stem. Lapeyrousia is 

 further distinguished from Freesia by having a more 

 slender perianth-tube, with the stamens inserted at the 

 throat instead of below; also by the ovules being more 

 regularly superposed instead of crowded together. The 

 species of Lapeyrousia have an egg-shaped or globose 

 conn about Y<> in. thick, and matted with tunics : Ivs. 

 linear or sword-shaped: inflorescence various, often a 

 loose, 1-sided, more or less zigzag spike, as in Freesia: 

 fls. variously colored, 1-2 in. across; perianth tube long 

 or short; segments spreading, 3 larger than the other 3. 

 i Monographed by Baker in his "Hand book of the Irideae," 

 and also in the African floras. 



These plants will probably never have anything like 

 the degree of popularity enjoyed by Freesias, because of 

 their later season of bloom and lack of fragrance. Prob- 

 ably the most popular kind is L. cruenta, which grows 

 6-10 in. high, blooming in summer and fall. In a shel- 

 tered and in light, porous soil it generally succeeds in 

 the North without any protection, but the bulbs are 

 safer in very severe winters under a covering of litter 

 or straw. The bulbs increase rapidly, and should be di- 

 vided every few years before they become too crowded. 



A. Color of fls. chiefly blue or violet. 



corymbdsa, Ker. (Anomatheca corymbosa, Hort. A. 

 Blanc). This belongs to the subgenus Ovieda, having 

 usually 1-2 basal Ivs., while the next 3 species belong to 

 the subgenus Anomatheca, having more numerous Ivs. 

 L. corymbosa has 1 basal leaf which is spreading, sword- 

 shaped, 4-6 in. long: inflorescence a dense flat-topped 

 cluster of as many as 15 fls. each about 1 in. across, 

 with practically 'regular segments, blue, with a star- 

 shaped white figure near the throat, outlined in black 

 after the fashion of Quedlinburg Phlox. B.M. 595. J.H. 

 III. 32:379. 



AA. Color of fls. red, uith 3 darker spots at the base 

 of the 3 smaller segments. 

 B. Size of fls. 2 in. across. 



grandifldra, Baker. (A.grandiflbra, Baker). Lvs. 1 ft. 

 or more long: fls. bright red; stamens as long as the 

 segments; the 3 style branches each 2-cut. B.M. 6924. 

 A newer species than cruenta, and perhaps destined 

 to greater favor. Corm globose (ovoid in the others 

 here described). 



LARIX 



885 



BB. Size of fls. 1 in. across. 

 c. Segments bright carmine. 



cruSnta, Benth. (A. cruenta, Lindl.). Lvs. %-l ft. 

 long: stamens less than half as long as the segments: 

 the 3 style branches uncut. B.R. 16:1369. L.B C 

 19:1857. P.M. 1:103. J.H. III. 31:397. 



cc. Segments pale red or rosy. 



juncea, Pourr. (A. juncea, Ker.). Lvs. strap-shaped, 

 (linear in the 2 preceding species), 6-8 in. long: sta- 

 mens half as long as the segments. Less known in cult, 

 than the others. j B KELLER and w M 



LAPPA. See Arctium. 

 LARCH. See Larix 



LARDIZABALA (after the Spanish naturalist Lardiz- 

 abal y Uribe). Berber iddcece. Six species of S. Ameri- 

 can shrubby climbers, mostly Chilean, one of which is 

 cult, outdoors in S. Calif, and the warmer parts of Eu- 

 rope. It is something like the well known hardy vine 

 Akebia quinata, having similar, odd-looking, dark-col- 

 ored fls., but the leaflets are in 3's instead of 5's. The 

 leaves may be once, twice or thrice ternate, and they 

 are dark green, glossy, and here and there have 1 or 2 

 almost spiny teeth. 



There are 4 genera of the Barberry family containing 

 shrubby climbers that are cult. Of these Akebia is the 

 best. Akebia and Holboellia have free stamens : Lardiza- 

 bala and Stauntonia have monadelphous stamens. In 

 all of these the showy parts are the 6 sepals, the 6 pet- 

 als being much smaller in Lardizabala and absent in 

 Stauntonia. Lardizabala is further distinguished from 

 Stauntonia by having once- to thrice-ternate foliage and 

 oblong berries, while Stauntonia has digitate foliage 

 with 3-7 leaflets. 



hiternata, Ruiz & Pav. Lvs. generally once ternate, 

 particularly in the flowering branches : Ifts. rather leath- 

 ery, evergreen, ovate, dark green above, paler and net- 

 ted-veined beneath: staminate fls. in a dense drooping 

 spike, containing as many as 15 fls. each about 1 in. 

 across, with ovate dark purplish chocolate colored se- 

 pals and small lanceolate white petals. Chile. B.M. 

 4501. Gn. 28, p. 489. -Grows about 12 ft. high against 

 walls in warmer parts of England. The fruit is said to 

 be sold in the Chilean markets and cordage is made of 

 the fiber. W. M. 



LARIX (ancient Latin name). Coniferce. LARCH. 

 TAMARACK. Ornamental deciduous coniferous trees of 

 pyramidal habit, with the Ivs. linear and clustered ex- 

 cept on young snoots, where they are spirally arranged, 

 and with the pistillate fls. often very conspicuous by 

 their bright purple color: cones erect, globose to ob- 

 long, rarely more than 2 in. long. They are all hardy 

 North except the Himalayan L. Griffithi, and are often 

 planted as park trees, chiefly for the light green foliage 

 and the regular conical, or in some vars. pendulous, 

 habit The most beautiful is probably L. leptolepis, 

 with the foliage turning bright yellow in fall, while the 

 others assume only a pale yellow color. They are also 

 very valuable forest trees, especially for the northern 

 and mountainous regions ; no forest tree goes farther 

 north than the Larch, reaching in N. America 67 and 

 in Siberia 72 of latitude The wood is hard, heavy and 

 very durable, and much used for construction, that of 

 L. occidentaUs being considered the best of all Ameri- 

 can conifers. From the European Larch turpentine is 

 obtained. The bark contains tannin, and an extract is 

 used for tanning leather. The Larch grows in almost 

 any kind of soil, including clay and limestone, and pre- 

 fers a somewhat moist, but well-drained soil and an 

 open situation; the American Larch grows well even in 

 swamps. Unfortunately several insects and fungi prey 

 on the Larch, and sometimes do considerable damage, 

 especially the leaf -eating larvae of some moths. Prop, 

 usually bv seeds sown in spring, and the young seed- 

 lings shaded; vars. are grafted on seedlings, mostly on 

 those of L. decidua (Europcea], either outdoors by whip- 

 or cleft-grafting or in the greenhouse by veneer-grafting ; 

 they mav also be increased by cuttings of nearly ripened 

 wood under glass or by layers, but this method is rarely 



