LICUALA 



LIGUSTRUM 



911 



AA. Lvs. digitately divided : lobes narrow. 



B. Lobes less than 12. 



Jean6nceyi, Sander. A dwarf, rapidly growing palm: 

 '73 deep shining green ; lobes blunt, 5 to 8. New Guinea, 

 hi. 55, p. 71. F.E. 11:291. G.M. 41:341. 



BB. Lobes 12 or more. 



c. Petioles without spines in the upper part. 

 61egans, Blume. Stems thick as a man's body, 4 ft. 

 tigh, prominently scarred: petioles 3-4% ft. long, the 

 aargins with brown hooked spines to just above the 

 aiddle; Ivs. orbicular; lobes very graceful, the linear - 

 anceolate lateral ones gradually decreasing to 11 in., 

 bliquely truncate, with acute teeth, the middle lobes 16 

 n. long, truncate, with broader obliquely ovate obtuse 

 iceth, lobes with only 2 or 3 folds. Sumatra. 



1271. Licuala peltata. 



CC. 



Petioles spiny throughout. 



D. Lvs. ascending. 



peltata, Roxb. Fig. 1271. Lvs. 3-5 ft. diam., orbicu- 

 lar ; lobes very variable in length and width, many- 

 toothed at the apex, the teeth %-2 in. ; petiole stout, 3-4 

 ft. long. The lobes of the Ivs. droop very gracefully. 

 G.C. 1872:1657. India. -Adv. 1895, by Pitcher & Manda. 

 Fig. 1271 is redrawn from Martius. 



DD. Lvs. horizontally spreading. 

 spindsa, Wurmb. (L. h6rrida, Blume). Lvs. 3 ft. or 

 more in diam., orbicular-reniform; inner lobes 18-22 in. 

 long, 4%-5 in. wide at the apex, 10-11 -toothed; outer 

 lobes 15 in. long, l%-2 in. wide, 4-6-toothed; teeth 

 rather large, triangular-ovate, bind; petioles obtusely 

 3- angled, 4-5 ft. long, with brownish hooked spines. 

 Java, Moluccas. J ARED $. SMITH. 



Licualas are very handsome warmhouse palms of mod- 

 erate growth, several species of which have been grown 

 to some extent commercially. They delight in a tropi- 

 cal temperature and abundant moisture, and should also 

 be shaded from strong sunshine in order to produce 

 foliage of the deep, rich shade of green that is common 

 to this genus. 



The most attractive species is L. grandis, which has 

 been until recent years a costly species owing to its 

 comparative rarity in cultivation. It is probably within 

 ten years that the first consignment of seeds of this spe- 

 cies was received in America. 



The large fan- shaped leaves of the Licualas are some- 

 what tender and easily injured, which makes them of 

 less value for house decoration, but as exhibition plants 



58 



there are few palms more striking than L. grandis, and 

 L. elegans. L. spinosa and L. peltata are also well 

 worth cultivation, though objection is sometimes found 

 to the strong hooked spurs with which their leafstalks 

 are armed. w< H> TAPLIN. 



LIGULAKIA. All referred to Senecio. 



LIGtfSTICIJM (Latin, referring to the ancient^ prov- 

 ince of Liguria, where a plant was gathered which was 

 something like this and used in medicine. ) Umbelliferce. 

 This includes a native hardy herbaceous plant suitable 

 for naturalizing with aquatics and bog plants. It has a 

 bold habit, grows 2-6 ft. high and has ternately decom- 

 pound foliage. Offered by dealers in native plants. The 

 genus has about 20 species scattered in the northern 

 hemisphere. They have large aromatic roots, mostly no 

 involucre, involucels of narrow bractlets and white fls. 

 in large, many-rayed umbels. Consult our manuals or 

 Coulter and Rose's "Revision of North American Um- 

 belliferae," 1888. 



actaeifolium, Michx. Stem stout, branched above: 

 Ivs. 3-4-ternate; Ifts. 2-5 in. long, coarsely serrate, 

 broadly oblong: umbel 10-20-rayed: fruiting rays 1-2 

 in. long. July, Aug. Rich ground, S. Pa. to Gulf of 

 Mex. B.B. 2:519. -Int. by H. P. Kelsey. w. M. 



LIGtTSTBUM (ancient Latin name). Oleacece. In- 

 cludingrmdmrt. PRIVET. PRIM. Ornamental shrubs or 

 trees with deciduous or evergreen opposite, entire Ivs., 

 white or whitish, mostly fragrant fls. in terminal panicles, 

 and decorative, usually black berries, often remaining on 

 the branches through the whole winter. Some deciduous 

 species, as L. vulgare, Ibota, ciliatum and Amurense, are 

 hardy North, while others, like L. ovalifolium, Sinense 

 and Quihoui, can not be considered quite hardy north of 

 Long Island. The evergreen species are only half-hardy 

 or tender, but L. Japonicum may be grown as far north 

 as Philadelphia. They are all very valuable for shrub- 

 beries, with their clean, dark green foliage, which is 

 rarely attacked by insects and keeps its green color 

 mostly unchanged until late in fall, though L. ciliatum 

 sheds the Ivs. rather early and L. Ibota and sometimes 

 L. ovalifolium assume a pretty purplish hue ; in mild 

 winters some of the deciduous species hold part of their 

 foliage until almost spring. L. vulgare, ovalifolium 

 and others stand dust and smoke well and are valuable 

 for planting in cities. L. ovalifolium is one of the best 

 shrubs for seaside planting, growing well in the very 

 spray of the salt water (known as California Privet). 

 Some are handsome in bloom, especially L. Sinense, 

 Ibota, Japonicum, lucidum and most of the other ever- 

 green species ; all are conspicuous in autumn and winter 

 from the black berries, or in some vars. of L. vulgare, 

 whitish, greenish or yellowish. L. vulgare, ovalifolium 

 and also L. Amurense are well adapted for ornamental 

 hedges. The Privets grow in almost any kind of soil, and 

 even in rather dry situations and under the shade and drip 

 of trees. Prop, by seeds sown in fall or stratified, some- 

 times not germinating until the second year; usually in- 

 creased by cuttings of hardwood or by greenwood cut- 

 tings in summer under glass ; vars. are sometimes 

 grafted on L. vulgare or L. ovalifolium. About 35 

 species, chiefly in E. Asia and Himalayas, distributed 

 south to Australia, one in Europe and N. Africa: from 

 allied genera distinguished by the terminal inflorescence 

 and from Syringa by the berry-like fr. Lvs. short-peti- 

 oled, estipulate: fls. perfect, small; calyx campanulate, 

 obscurely 4-toothed; corolla funnel-shaped, with mostly 

 rather short tube and with 4 spreading lobes ; stamens 

 2: fr. a 1-3-seeded berry-like drupe. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CALIFORNIA PRIVET FOR HEDGES. First method. 

 Cuttings 8-14 inches of 1-year wood are made in fall or 

 winter, preferably the former, as they are occasionally 

 damaged by the winter, even as far south as Alabama. 

 These are tied in bundles and buried during winter. 

 In the spring they are stuck in rows 2-6 inches by 2-3 % 

 feet, and kept cultivated. They are sold at 1 year, when 

 1-2% feet high, or at 2 years, when 2-4 feet high. If not 

 sold at 2 years the plants are sometimes cut back to 3 

 inches to sprout again. They are dug by spade or tree- 

 digger. These closely grown plants will make a hedge, 



