930 



LIPPIA 



LIRIODENDRON 



soil no matter how poor, rapidly covers the ground, 

 smothers weeds, stands trampling, requires much less 

 water than grass, needs no mowing, can be easily taken 

 out if desirable, and is used in southern Europe for 

 tennis grounds. Voss pictures this plant with an erect 

 and tufted habit, and refers it, together with L. canes- 

 cens, to L. nodiflora. These two names were kept dis- 

 tinct by Schauer in DeCandolle's Prodromus, and speci- 

 mens of Franceschi's plant come nearer to L. canescens 

 than to L. nodiflora. Schauer's distinctions are given 

 below, but there is doubt as to the chief point of differ- 

 ence; viz., whether any of the plants are annual. They 

 all take root at the joints. 



AA. Plant annual. 



nodiflora, Rich. Stems herbaceous: calyx 2-parted, 

 slightly 2-keeled, keels puberulous; the whole corolla a 

 little more than one-twelfth of an inch long. Banks and 

 sandy shores in the torrid zone and warmer parts of 

 the temperate zone. 



A. Plant perennial. 



Can6scens, Kunth. Stem somewhat woody at the base : 

 calyx 2-toothed, 2-keeled, the keels slightly villous; 

 corolla conspicuously larger than in related species, 

 rosy, with a yellow throat. S. America, in dry, grassy 

 places. 



citriodora, Kunth (Aloysia citriodora , Orteg. ) . LEMON 

 VERBENA*. Lvs. in whorls of 3 or 4, lanceolate, short- 

 .stalked, glabrous, densely covered beneath with glandu- 

 lar dots: spikes whorled and axillary or collected in 

 terminal panicles, which may be 3 in. long and wide. 

 B. M. 367 (Verbena triphylla). Gn. 56:1460. G. C. II. 

 11:301. 



A florist should always have a few Lemon Verbenas. 

 Save a dozen plants in spring, shift them on as required, 

 and in the summer plunge the pots outside. At the 

 approach of frost bring them into the greenhouse, stand 

 them under the lightest and coolest bench, and give 

 them water enough merely to keep the wood from 

 shriveling. In early February shake the plants out of 

 the pots, shorten the unripened and weak wood, repot 

 in fresh soil, using 4-inch pots, and start the plants 

 into fresh growth in a temperature of 55. In a few 

 weeks they will be covered with new growths suitable 

 for cuttings. Cuttings root readily in about 3 weeks. 

 The sand of the cutting-bench should be a little warmer 

 than the air. Water the sand twice a day, and keep it 

 well soaked. Never allow the cuttings to wilt from sun- 

 shine or dryness. Transfer the cuttings when rooted to 

 2-inch pots, and in April shift to 3-inch pots, plunging 

 them in a mild hotbed, where by the middle of May, with 

 one pinching, they will have become fine, bushy plants. 

 They'need frequent syringing to prevent attacks of red 

 spider - WM. SCOTT and W. M. 



LIQUID AMBAE (a compound of the Latin liquidus, 

 fluid, and the Arabic ambar, amber, the name given by 

 the Spaniards in America from the fragrant sap which 

 exudes from the tree). Hamamelidacece. A genus of 

 about 4 species, the one commonly known being the 

 Sweet Gum or Liquidambar of the middle and southern 

 states, a most interesting tree from its symmetrical 

 head, star-shaped maple-like lustrous Ivs., brilliant au- 

 tumnal color, deep furrowed bark and corky winged 

 branches. Its branches are short in proportion, and 

 slender, giving it, when young, a narrow, pyramidal 

 head, which becomes, when old, a narrow*, oblong 

 crown. Its foliage in autumn usually assumes a deep 

 crimson. Its corky branches, not a wholly constant 

 character, add to its picturesqueness and lend to its 

 interest in winter. In the southern states, where it fre- 

 quents river bottoms and is one of the most common 

 trees, it reaches the height of 80 ft. or more. Farther 

 north, where it is found on the borders of swamps and 

 is rarer, it reaches the maximum of 60-70 ft. On drier 

 and higher ground, it remains a small tree. In cultiva- 

 tion it is of moderate growth, thriving both in low, 

 damp places and on higher grounds, reaching a height of 



TC. ft ; Beautiful at ev ery stage, its habit adapts it to 



oth informal and formal planting, in the latter respect 



particularly to street and park planting, under which 



conditions it succeeds well. One of the most valuable 



trees in cultivation in the middle and southern stati ) 

 its lack of hardiness farther north forbids its use the 

 It is free from insects and diseases, and is said to wi 4 

 stand salt air. Its resin resembles the liquid storax 

 the Orient. It is propagated by seeds, which should 

 stratified as soon as ripe, many of them lying dorm; 

 until the second year. It requires close pruning wl 

 transplanted. 



styraciflua, Linn. SWEET GUM. BILSTED. ST. i 

 LEAVED or RED GUM. ALLIGATOR TREE. A native tr i 

 80-140 ft. high: Ivs. simple, alternate, generally rount 

 in outline, deeply and palmately 5-7-lobed, serrate, a 1 

 matic, deciduous, glabrous below except a pubescei 

 in the axils of the veins; lobes triangular-ovate, acu < 

 petioles 6-7 in. long, slender: fls. apetalous, monoecio 

 in globular heads, the staminate heads greenish, % 

 in diameter, in terminal racemes, the pistillate he? 

 solitary, long-peduncled, at length drooping, 1-1% in. 

 diameter, hanging all winter: staminate fls. have 

 calyx, but numerous stamens intermixed with sm 

 scales ; pistillate fls. cohere as to their ovaries, formi 

 globular heads which harden in the fruit, having sea 

 for sepals, 4 rudimentary anthers and 2-celled ovari 

 1-2-seeded: capsules 2-beaked at the summit, formi 

 together a dense spinose head. March-May. Conn, a 

 southern N. Y. to Fla., 111., Mo. and Mex. G.F. 2' t > 

 P.G. 3:111. G.C. II. 14:633. Mn. 4:117. Gn. 24, pp. 

 167 and 38, p. 208. 



L. orientalis, Mill. (L. imberbis, Ait.) . A tree of Asia ! 

 Very similar to L. styr inua and differing in that the h 



smooth in the axils of t..e veins. 

 LIQUORICE. See GlycyrrUza. 



A. PHELPS WYI 



LIRIODENDRON (lirion, lily, and dendron,tree; 

 f erring to the shape of the flowers). Magnoliact' 

 TULIP TREE. WHITEWOOD. YELLOW POPLAR. Har 

 ornamental, deciduous tree of pyramidal habit, with 

 ternate, long-petioled, rather large Ivs. of unusual shaj 

 and large tulip-like greenish yellow fls. appearing 

 spring. A very beautiful tree for park-planting and 1 

 avenues, with handsome, clean foliage of rather lig 

 bluish green appearance, rarely attacked by insects 

 fungi, assuming in fall a brilliant yellow color; the fl 

 though of not very showy color, are conspicuous by tin 

 size and shape. The Tulip Tree is also an importa 

 forest tree, and the soft, fine-grained, light yellow wo 

 is much used in carpentry for furniture, boat-building a 

 the manufacture of small articles ; it does not split eas 

 but is readily worked and bent to any required shape. T 

 inner bark is said to have medical properties. The Tu 

 Tree grows best in deep, rich and somewhat moist s<i 

 Transplanting is not easy; it is best done in sprii 

 just before the tree starts into new growth. Prop, 

 seeds sown in fall or stratified and sown in spring; T 

 rieties are usually grafted or budded on seedling stoc 

 rarely prop, by layers. The seeds are sometimes hi 

 low, especially those grown along the eastern limit 

 the species. One species in N. America from R. I. ai 

 Vt. to Wis., south to Fla. and Miss.; also occurring 

 China. Lvs. with conspicuous deciduous stipules c 

 hering when young and inclosing the next leaf: fi 

 terminal, solitary, with 3 spreading sepals and 6 em 

 broadly ovate petals ; stamens numerous, with long ai 

 linear anthers; pistils numerous, forming a narrt 

 column, developing into a light brown cone, at maturi 

 the carpels, each consisting of a long, narrow wing wi 

 a 1-2-seeded nutlet at the base, separate from the 

 der spindle.- The Liriodendron is one of the 

 trees of the American forest. 



be sle 

 DoW e 



>. rare 

 Sflv 



Tulipifera, Linn. Fig. 1302. Tall tree, to 150, 

 to 190 ft., with a trunk to 10 ft. in diam., often dest 

 of branches for a considerable height, glabrous: 

 about as broad as long, with 2 lobes at the truncate ai 

 notched apex and 2-4 lobes at the base, bluish gre< 

 above, pale or glaucous beneath, 5-6 in. long: fls. gree 

 ish yellow, marked orange within at the base, 1K-2 i 

 long. May, June. S.S. 1:13. Em. 2:605. B.M.275. Gn 

 7:259. A. G. 1892:485. Mn. 2, p. 4; 6, p. 145. Gn. 34, 

 42. V. 20:86. Var. pyramidale, Lav. (var. fastigiatut 

 Hort. ). With upright branches, forming a narrow py 

 amid. Var. integrifdlium, Kirchn. Lvs. rounded at tl 



