932 



LISTERA 



LITHR^A 



cordata Very slender, 3-10 in. high : Ivs. cordate- 

 ovate, mucronate : raceme 1-2 in. long, with 4-20 minute 

 purplish fls. June-Aug. In moist woods, Nova Scotia 

 to Alaska and Ore., south to N. J. ; Eu. B.B. 1 : 473. 



HEINRICH HASSELBRING. 



LITHOSPSKMUM (Greek, rock seed; the seeds like 

 little stones). Horraginacew. This includes a few low- 

 growing hardy herbaceous perennials of minor impor- 

 tance. The best known is L. 

 prostratum, a rock-garden 

 trailer, which bears numer- 

 ous leafy spikes of blue fls., 

 each about % in. across, from 

 early summer to autumn. 



13C3. Puccoon. 

 Lithospermum canescens (X %). 



1304. Lithospermum 

 angustifolium. Nat. size. 



The common Gromwell, L. officinale, is rarely cult, as 

 a medicinal herb. The rest are procurable from dealers 

 in native plants. Seeds of the Gromwell and the western 

 species are procurable, and plants of the other kinds. 

 L. prostratum is said to be prop, only by cuttings of the 

 previous year's wood; L. multiflorum by cuttings of 

 young shoots. The kinds with red roots yield a dye. 



Lithospermum has about 40 species in extra-tropical 

 regions: herbs or subshrubs, rough, silky, or bristly 

 Ivs. alternate: fls. white, yellow, bluish or violet; calyx 

 5-parted; corolla funnel- or salver-shaped, 5-lobed: sta- 

 mens 5, fixed to the tube : ovary 4-lobed. 



A. Color of fls. blue or purplish. 

 B. Habit trailing: tube of corolla densely hairy, thrict 



as long as the calyx. 



prostratum, Lois. GENTIAN BLUE GROMWELL. Sub 

 shrub : Ivs. lanceolate-linear, margin somewhat revolute' 

 tube of corolla pubescent outside, densely villous at 

 apex. S. Eu. This is presumably the plant in the trade 

 since L. prostratum, Buckl., is a white-fld. annua' 

 properly called L. Matamorense. However, L. prostra 

 turn, Lois., is referred by Index Kewensis to L. fruti- 

 cosum, which see. Gn. 45, p. 135. J.H. III. 32:475. 



BB. Habit erect: tube of corolla not hairy. 

 fruticosum, Linn. Distinguished as above by DeCan- 

 dolle, and apparently more of a shrub, with the leal 

 margins decidedly revolute. S. Eu.-Not cult. 



AA. Color of fls. pale yellow, yellow or orange. 

 B. Size of fls. small; tube about as long as the calyx: 



roots not red. 

 c. Inflorescence sparse : throat of corolla crested with 



appendages. 



officinale, Linn. GROMWELL. Much branched, 2-3 

 high : Ivs. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 in. or k 

 long: fls. dull white. Along N. E. roadsides, but nat 

 ralized from Eu. 



cc. Inflorescence dense: throat of corolla nearly de\ 



of appendages. 

 pildsum, Nutt. Mostly unbranched, 1 ft. high: Ivs. 

 linear and linear-lanceolate, 2-4 in. long: fls. dull green- 

 ish yellow, crowded in a leafy thyr.se. Western N. 

 Amer. 



BB. Size of fls. large, showy: tribe of corolla much 



longer than the calyx: roots red, long and deep, 

 c. Floral leaves reduced to bracts no longer than the 



calyx. 



multifldrum, Torr. Height 1-2 ft.: Ivs. linear: tts. 

 light yellow, spicate. Rocky Mts. to W. Tex. 



cc. Floral leaves much longer than the calyx. 



D. Tube of corolla %- times as long as the calyx: 

 crests of throat little if at all projecting or arching. 



E. Fls. nearly without pedicels: glandular ring at the 



base naked. 



canescens, Lehm. PUCCOON, of the Indians. RED 

 ROOT. INDIAN PAINT. Fig. 1303. Height 9-12 in. or 

 more: fls. orange. Plains and open woods, in sandy 

 soil, upper Canada to Ala., west to Ariz. B.M. 4389. 



EE. Fls. mostly pedicelled: glandular ring at base 



within bearing 10 very hirsute lobes or teeth. 

 hirtum, Lehm. Height 1-2 ft.: fls. bright orange. 

 Pine barrens, Mich, to Fla. and Colo. 



DD. Tube of corolla 2-4 times as long as the calyx- 



crests of the throat conspicuous and arching. 

 angustifolium. Michx. Fig. 1304. Height 9-12 in. or 

 more: Ivs. all linear: fls. of 2 sorts, the earlier and con- 

 spicuous kind bright yellow, with corolla tube 1 in. or 

 so long, later ones and those of the more diffusely 

 branching plants with inconspicuous pale corolla, wi 

 out crests in the throat and probably cleistogeno 

 Apparently all grades between early large fls. and 1 

 small ones. Prairies. D. M. Andrews says it has pa! 

 cream fls. Var. longifldrum ( L. longiflorum, Hort. , D. M 

 Andrews) is said to grow 1 ft. high, with larger, p 

 lemon fls. and comes true from seed. Grows wild 

 Colo. w . M 



LITT^EA. See Agave. 



LITHR2E A (Chilean name). Anacardiacece. A gem 

 of small South American trees related to Rhus, and 

 Bentham and Hooker included in that genus. ThepU 

 cult, by some under this name seems not to be true 

 name, as it is a tree with undivided Ivs., while the 

 plant is as hrub with 1-3 pairs of Ifts. and odd pimu 

 D.C Mon. Phan. vol. 4. 



Aroeirinha, March. (L. molleoides, Engl.). Shi 

 9-12 ft. high: Ivs. of 5 lanceolate Ifts., the rachis 



ely 



1 



