LITHR^EA 



LIVISTONA 



933 



jltiole narrow-winged ; Ifts. 2-3 in. long, glabrous, 

 Hth small panicles of greenish yellow fls. and almost 

 .ite drupes 1-2 lines in diam. Brazil. 



J. B. S. NORTON. 



i LITTONIA (Dr. Samuel Litton, professor of botany 



Royal Dublin Society). Liliacecv. Littonia and 



Koriosa are called Climbing Lilies. They are tender, 



ftberous plants, with glossy, lanceolate Ivs. which curl 



[the tips into tendrils, enabling the plants to reach 



j8 ft. The fls. are 6-parted, but in Littonia the seg- 



flbents are not reflexed like a Cyclamen, as in Gloriosa. 



jlis. nodding, bell-shaped, orange, 1 in. or more across; 



'gments oblong, acuminate, 1M in. long: capsule long, 



celled; seeds scarlet, about the size of a sweet pea, 



Jund, arranged in 2 series. The odd-shaped tubers are 



f!)out IK in. across and may be planted outdoors in May. 



here are 4 species, 1 from Arabia, 1 from S. Africa 



1 id 2 from tropical Africa. 



modesta, Hook. Lower Ivs. in 3's, upper ones alter- 

 ite : perianth segments provided with a small oblong 

 ectary, partially closed by a ciliated scale on each side : 

 vie 3-cut. S. Africa. B.M. 4723. Var. Keitii, Hort., is 

 u improved form, with larger and more abundant fls. 

 JOHN ENDICOTT and W. M. 



LIVE - FOREVER. Sedum Telephium and other 

 . 'edums. 



LIVERLEAF. Hepatica. 



LIVERWORT. A general name for a group of cryp- 

 ogamia (flowerless plants), somewhat allied to mosses 

 ,nd known as Hepaticse. Conocephalus and Marchantia 

 lave been offered by dealers in native plants as suitable 

 or rockwork and bog gardens. Lunularia is a common 

 veed in greenhouses. 



LIVING ROCK. Consult Anhalonium. 



i LIVISTONA (Patrick Murray, Baron of Livistone). 

 Palmacece. About 14 species of fan palms from tropical 

 eastern Asia, Malaya and Australia. Trunks usually 

 all, stout, ringed below, clothed above with dead leaf- 

 sheaths: Ivs. spreading, orbicular, plicate, split to the 

 middle or below; the segments bifid, infolded, naked or 

 fibrous along the margins ; rachis 

 '^hort; ligule small, cordate, free; pe- 

 tiole long, stout, flat or rounded above, 

 'convex below, often spiny along the 

 margins; sheaths margined with re- 

 ticulate fibers : spadices long, at first 

 ascending, pendent in fruit, long- 

 .peduncled, loosely branched, the 

 branches slender: spathesmany, long, 

 tubular, compressed, sheathing the 

 peduncle, thick, coriaceous, bifid or 

 2-lipped, 2-keeled or ancipital : no 

 bracts or bractlets: fls. greenish: fr. 

 smooth and shining, oblong-globose or 

 ellipsoidal, black, blue, yellow or 

 brown. 



From the seven allied genera men- 

 tioned under Licuala, Livistona is dis- 

 tinguished by the following charac- 

 ters: fls. hermaphrodite: carpels of 

 the ovary globose, distinct or slightly 

 cohering : styles short, distinct or co- 

 hering: albumen not twisted, broadly 

 scooped out on the ventral side: 

 branches of the spadices not bracted 

 or the lower ones bracted. 



A. Lvs. glaucous beneath. 



Jenkinsiana, Griff. Lvs. 5-6 ft. broad, reniform, flabel- 

 late. 70-80-fid, glaucous beneath, the divisions very nar- 

 row, straight, shortly and obtusely 2 toothed. Assam. 



AA. Lvs. not glaucous beneath. 

 B. Petioles without spines. 



Woddfordii, Ridley. Petioles slender, without thorns, 



only % in. thick : Ivs. orbicular, quite thin, 2 ft. long, 



8 in. wide, split into very narrow acuminate lobes, the 



lower ones free almost to the base, the inner ones split 



only one-fourth of the way down: spadices very slender, 

 the short slender branches protruding from the mouths 

 of tubular brown sheaths: drupe globose, % in. in diam., 

 bright red. Polynesia. First described in G.C. III. 

 23:177. Nearly related to L. atistralis, but more grace- 

 ful, with smallei flowers and fruit. 



BB. Petioles spiny below the middle, 

 c. Length of spines V^in. or less. 



olivaefdrmis, Mart. (Corypha Gebdnga, Hort., in part). 

 Stems medium : Ivs. glabrous ; petiole somewhat 3- 

 angled; spines retrorse, 1-3 lines long; segments 12-15 

 in. long, deeply bilobed, the lobes very long, acuminate, 

 linear, pendent, with or without very short filaments: 

 fr. olive-shaped, solitary, or twin and connate to the 

 middle. Brazil. 



cc. Length of spines 1 in. or more. 

 D. Shape of Ivs. reniform. 



Chin6nsis, R. Br. (Latdnia Borbdnica, Hort., not 

 Lam. ) . Stem 6 ft. high, more than 1 ft. thick, gray, with 

 approximate rings : Ivs. many; petiole equaling the 

 blade, covered to about the middle with retrorse brown 

 spines, 1 in. or more long ; blade reniform, 4-6 ft. in 

 diam.; segments linear - lanceolate, long -pendulous, 

 deeply forked, filiferous, the lower 1-2 ft. long, 1-2 in. 

 wide, the middle 3 ft. long, the lobes acuminate, 4-8 in. 

 long. China. 



DD. Shape of Ivs. orbicular. 



rotundifolia, Mart. (Chamcerops Birob, Sieb. C. Byr- 

 rhb, Hort. ) . Stem 40-50 ft. high, 1-1% ft. in diam., erect 

 or subflexuous, brownish black, obscurely ringed; petiole 

 6 ft., with recurved spines 1% in. long at the base; blade 

 3-5 ft. in diam., suborbicular, at length somewhat peltate 

 through reversion of the lowest lobes ; segments 60-90, 

 connate for one-third their length, bifid to the middle, 

 the lobes long-acuminate. Java. R.B. 21:110. F.R. 

 1:301. S.H.2:28. 



BBB. Petioles spiny from base to apex. 

 E. Segments of the Ivs. free one-third of the way down. 



altissima, Zoll. Lvs. bright shining green, 1^-2 ft. 

 long; segments free one-third of the way down, bifid at 

 the apex; petiole 2-6 ft., upper part green, brown toward 

 the base, inclosed in a reddish brown network of woody 



1305. Livistona humilis. 



fibers, armed on the margins with stout black recurved 

 spines. Java. 



EE. Segments free nearly to the base. 



F. Position of segments rigid, not drooping. 



australis, Mart. (Corypha austrdlis, R. Br.). Stems 



40-80 ft. high: Ivs. in a dense crown, orbicular 3-4 ft. in 



diam., divided to or below the middle into 40-50 narrow, 



plicate, acuminate segments, either entire or 2-cleft at 



the apex. Australia. B.M. 6274. Gn. 26, p. 337, V. 9:328 



