LOBELIA 



BBB. Corolla with all the lobes united by the tips into 

 one lip. 



1 14. Tupa, Linn. (Tupa montdna, Hort. L. Feuillei, 

 Bon). Very strong herb or subshrub (4-7 ft. tall), 



ect and mostly simple: Ivs. oblong-oval, mostly acu- 

 Binate, rugose, tomentose, denticulate: fls. in a long, 

 rminal raceme, blood-red, '2 in. long, the hooded lip 

 Birving downwards and the column of stamens ascend- 

 Big; calyx lobes short. Chile. B.M. 2550. R.H. 1898, 



I. 189. Cool greenhouse; hardy in southern states with 

 Brotection. 



L. ambena, Michx. Much like L. syphilitiea, but the calyx 



lain and not hispid. N.C., south. L. dnceps Thunb. Peren- 



. ial, blue-fld., with somewhat fleshy Ivs. and 2-winged stem. S. 



fr. B.M. 2277, as L. decumbeiis, and 2519, as L. rhizophyta. 



-. coronopifblia. Linn. Somewhat shrubby, with pinnatifid, 



airv Ivs. and handsome blue fls. (sometimes 1 in. long), on 



4>ng scapes. S.Afr. B.M. 644. G.C. II. 15:105. L. Dortmdnna, 



jinn. WATER LOBELIA. Aquatic perennial, 1 ft. or less, with 



/s. radical and submerged, and small pale blue fls.on a scape. 



Jseful amongst aquatic plants. Native. L. hortensis, DC., is a 



j'.ybrid form of L. amoana, probably not in cult. now. L. in- 



tilata. Linn. INDIAN TOBACCO. Annual, of N. Amer., with 



>vate, pubescent, denticulate Ivs., erect habit, and small*blueor 



i yhitish fls.: herbage very acrid: plant formerly a domestic 



emedy. L. subnuda, Benth. Annual from M ex., with radical 



gyrate Ivs. and small pale blue fls. on long pedicels. G.C. III. 



L. H. B. 



LOBLOLLY BAY. Gordonia Lasianthus. 



LOCHERIA (probably a personal name). Comprises 

 Si few species, which are now referred to Achimenes. 

 [. [n the trade are 2 species, L. heterophylla, Oerst., or 

 \L. igne"scens, Klotzsch (see Achimenes heterophylla, 

 Ip. 18), and L. hirsuta, Begel (see Achimenes hirsuta, 

 :DC.,p. 18, suppl. list). 



LOCO WEED. See Astragalus. 



LOCUST. Common Locust is Hobinia Pseudacacia. 

 Honey L.=Gleditschia triacanthos. Swamp or Water 

 L,=6r. aquatica. 



LODEMAN, ERNEST GUSTAVUS (Plate X), horti- 

 cultural investigator and writer, was born in Neufchatel, 

 Switzerland, May 3, 1867, and died Dec. 2, 1896, when 

 connected with Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. His 

 parents came to America when he was two years old, 

 his father becoming, in .1870, professor of modern lan- 

 guages in the State Normal School of Michigan. The 

 son entered the Agricultural College of Michigan, where 

 he graduated in 1869. It was in this institution that the 

 writer made his acquaintance. Modest and lacking in 

 self-assertion, he needed encouragement and stimulus 

 to make a strong investigator and teacher. In a real 

 estate venture in Florida, before his entering the Agri- 

 cultural College, he became interested in agricultural 

 problems and resolved to devote his life to them. In 

 1890 he undertook work as private assistant to the writer; 

 and from this he became assistant and instructor in Cor- 

 nell University. In the extension work amongst New 

 York farmers he had charge of the investigations on 

 grapes and strawberries. He was the originator of the 

 spray-calendar idea. In 1896 he published "The Spray- 

 ing of Plants," which is yet the fullest presentation of 

 the subject. This was prepared after a most thorough 

 traversing of the subject, both as author and experi- 

 menter, including a visit to Europe for the purpose of 

 tracing the French history of the subject. He was an 

 accomplished scholar, speaking German and French 

 with fluency and possessing a working knowledge of 

 other languages. His early death deprived American 

 horticulture of a promising leader. L H. B. 



LODOICEA. The double cocoanut or coco de mer, as 

 L. Sechellarum (properly L. Callipyge, Comm.) has 

 been termed, is one of the giants among palms, its 

 straight and smooth trunk frequently reaching a height 

 100 feet, and it is also a centenarian before its full 

 growth is attained. The seeds of Lodoicea are probably 

 the largest known, the individual nuts being said to 

 weigh sometimes 40 pounds, though the largest seen by 

 the writer weighed about 15 Ibs., and bore some resem- 

 blance to a malformed cocoanut. The formation of such 



LOGANBERRY 



937 



gigantic seeds requires a considerable period of time, 

 and from the time of flowering to the full maturity of 

 the seeds is said to cover a period of nearly ten years. 

 The germination of such seeds is not an easy process, 

 requiring much room and strong heat, the radicle being 

 correspondingly large and running down for 3 ft. or 

 more before the top growth begins. These first steps 

 in the life of Lodoicea develop some very tender pro- 

 cesses. Young plants of this palm require a strong and 

 moist heat; and a considerable amount of root room, in 

 combination with a light but rich compost, is best adapted 

 to their needs. Seeds sometimes require 3 years to ger-- 

 minate. They are not advertised for sale at present, but 

 have been sold as curiosities now and then in America. 

 Their germination is a great event, but the plants are 

 never grown to any considerable height, as they require 

 too much care and room. See G.C. II. 26:181; 111.4:732; 

 8:417. F.S. 5:523. w H TAPLIN> 



LCESELIA (John Loesel, an early Prussian botanist). 

 Polemonidcece. Very close to Gilia, and often con- 

 founded with it. As finally outlined by Gray (Suppl. 

 Syn. Fl.), it is confined to Mexico and includes perhaps 

 a dozen species. It somewhat resembles the Ipomopsis 

 section of Gilia in habit. "Fls. involucrate or involucel- 

 late; both bracts and calyx wholly or partly scarious; 

 corolla funnelform, either regular or one or two sinuses 

 deeper; seeds winged or margined, the surface becom- 

 ing mucilaginous when wetted. Suffruticose, rarely an- 

 nual, with spinulose-toothed Ivs." 



L. coccinea, Don, is a handsome coolhouse plant with 

 brilliant rose-red tubular-trumpet-shaped fls. an inch long 

 in terminal fascicles or compound bracted racemes, with 

 stamens and 3-lobed stigma exserted: Ivs. small and 

 stiffish, oval or cuneate-oval, sharply and often spinu- 

 lose dentate, grayish green: plant strict, pubescent, 

 woody, perennial. Winter bloomer. It does not appear 

 in Amer. trade lists. L. tenuifdlia, Gray, and L. effusa, 

 Gray, of S. Calif., are phlox-like plants offered by Or- 

 cutt, in 1891. The former, Gray subsequently referred 

 to Gilia tenuifdlia, Gray, and the latter to Gilia Dunnii, 

 Kellogg. L. H. B. 



LOGANBERRY. The Loganberry is a valuable hybrid 

 produced at Santa Cruz, California, in 1881, by Judge 

 J. H. Logan, from a seed of the Aughinbaugh black- 

 berry, accidentally fertilized from an adjacent rasp- 

 berry, supposed to be the old Red Antwerp. The Augh- 

 inbaugh is a pistillate variety of Rubus vitifolius, the 

 extremely variable wild blackberry of California, and 

 was a chance seedling found beneath the oaks of Ala- 

 meda. about 1860. It is a strong-growing, dark green 

 vine of the dewberry type, but with fruit of the true 

 wild blackberry flavor. The Loganberry fruit has many 

 characteristics of both parents. It is a rich, dark red 

 color when ripe, and sometimes is an inch and a quarter 

 in length. The plant has been widely disseminated 

 throughout the United States and Europe since 1893, 

 when the California Experiment Station, after five years' 

 testing, first distributed stock. G.F. 7:466. 



The Loganberry is propagated from stolons developed 

 in the autumn at the end of the canes, or from single- 

 eye hardwood cuttings. Seedlings are especially unre- 

 liable. Plants should be trained upon a wall or trellis, 

 keeping the berries from the ground. Two adjacent 

 vines at Berkeley, California, cover 12 square yards and 

 yielded four gallons of fruit in 1899. If careful winter 

 protection is given, the plants can be grown in many 

 parts of New England and the middle states, according 

 to Bulletin 45 of the Rhode Island Experiment Station 

 and Bulletin 147 of the New York (Geneva) Station. 



The value of the Loganberry for the home garden 

 wherever it is sufficiently hardy is generally recognized, 

 but its value as a standard market crop has yet to be 

 determined. It proves difficult to transport to the Los 

 Angeles and San Francisco markets except when grown 

 within a short distance, and dealers prefer the standard 

 berries. When it can be gathered near the time of 

 greatest perfection and delivered directly to the con- 

 sumer, it becomes a very popular fruit. 



CHAS. H. SHINN. 



The Loganberry in the East. In the East the Logan- 

 berry has not met the expectations at first entertained for 



