LOMARIA 



LONICERA 



939 



is the earliest generic name. Hardy; needs deepest 

 hade. 



Nipp6nica, Kunze. Lvs. 15-20 in. long, abruptly 

 if pointed at the apex, the lower divisions gradually re- 



luced and strikingly surcurrent; texture thick; fertile 



ivs. with pinnae /^ in. apart, narrow-linear, scarcely 

 "forming a wing to the rachis: indusia forming pod-like 



structures, tough, persistent. Sometimes referred to 

 [the last species. Japan. L . Mt UNDERWOOD. 



LOMARI6PSIS. Consult Acrostichum sorbifolium. 



LOMATOPHtLLUM is a genus of the lily family 

 jwith 3-5 species in the Mascarene Islands. They have 

 the habit and perianth of Aloe, but differ in the red- 

 margined leaves and fr. a berry. They are fleshy sub- 

 shrubs with hermaphrodite fls. and introrse anthers as 

 in Sanseviera, but differ in having declined hypogynous 

 , stamens and several ovules in a cell, whereas Sanseviera 

 i has erect stamens inserted on the throat of the tube and 

 solitary ovules. Not cult. 



LdNAS (possibly a recombination of some of the let- 

 ters of Santolina). Composite^. This includes an unim- 

 portant, hardy, yellow-flowered "everlasting" known to 

 the trade as the African Daisy or Athanasia annua. 

 The heads are about three-eighths of an inch across, and 

 composed entirely of disk fls. There are 14 or more 

 heads in the largest corymb, which may be 2 in. across. 

 This plant was removed from Athanasia largely because 

 it is an annual herb, while the Athanasias are shrubs 

 or subshrubs. A more fundamental reason for giving 

 this plant a separate genus is that it has a cup-shaped 

 pappus, while in Athanasia the pappus is absent or con- 

 sists of small, rather bristly chaff or else of hyaline 

 hairs. 



inodora, Gaertn. (Athanasia dnnua, Linn.). AFRICAN 

 DAISY. Fleshy, branching, 1 ft. high: Ivs. alternate, 

 pinnatifld, the divisions linear, entire, remote: corymbs 

 dense: seeds 5-ribbed, not hairy. Mediterranean region. 

 B.M. 2276. J.H. III. 31:281. 



LONDON PURPLE. See Insecticides. 



LONGWORTH, NICHOLAS (1783-1863) has been 

 called the "father of American grape culture." Plate X. 

 He was born in Newark, N. J. He early went to Cin- 

 cinnati, then in the young and growing West, and en- 

 gaged in banking and other business. He early became 

 interested in agricultural affairs, and particularly in the 

 grape. From John Adlum he received the Catawba, and 

 became the means of making grape-growing a com- 

 mercial success in the Ohio valley. He was a leader in 

 the company of horticultural experts and writers 

 which made Cincinnati famous in the middle of the 

 century. Longworth was one of the first to perceive 

 that many strawberries are infertile with themselves, 

 and to suggest the planting of pollinizers, although the 

 imperfect nature of the strawberry blossom had been 

 known long before his time. He also introduced the 

 Ohio Everbearing raspberry, the first improved variety 

 of fiubus occidentalis. Longworth was a pioneer of 

 horticulture in the expanding West, and, more than that, 

 he was a guiding spirit in horticultural affairs of na- 

 tional importance. In 1846 he published a pamphlet on 

 "The Cultivation of the Grape, and Manufacture of 

 Wine. Also, Character and Habits of the Strawberry 

 Plant." He also contributed achapteron the strawberry 

 to Buchanan's "Culture of the Grape." For further no- 

 tices, see Hovey's "Magazine -of Hort." 29:160, "Evolu- 

 tion of Our Native Fruits," and our article on Horti- 

 culture. The portrait in Plate X shows Mr. Longworth 

 at 74 years of age. L. H. B. 



LONlCERA (after Adam Lonicer or Lonitzer, a Ger- 

 man physician and naturalist, 1528-1586). Including 

 Caprifolium, Xyl6steum, Nintba and Chama?c6rasus. 

 Capri'oliaceoe. HONEYSUCKLE. Ornamental deciduous, 

 rarely evergreen, shrubs of upright or climbing habit, 

 with opposite, entire Ivs. and tubular, mostly 2-lipped 

 fls. of white, yellow, pink, scarlet or purple color, often 

 fragrant, appearing ia axillary pairs or in terminal 



spikes or clusters; the red, yellow, blue or black ber- 

 ries are in many species very decorative. The Upright 

 or Bush Honeysuckles are very valuable for shrub- 

 beries, and the low procumbent species, like L. spinosa 

 and rupicola, are well suited for rockeries. Most of the 

 cultivated species are hardy North, but L. Standishi, 

 fragrantissima, nummulari folia, l^edebouri, quinque- 

 locularis, Webbiana, rupicola, and other Himalayan 

 species are less hardy and need sheltered positions or 

 protection North. Some of the handsomest in bloom 

 are the well-known L. Tatarica, flonbunda, spinosa, 

 Maackii, Morrowi, Ledebouri ; for the sweet-scented 

 early fls., L. Standishi and fragrantissima are to be 

 recommended. Honeysuckles with very decorative 

 fruits are L. Morrowi, Tatarica, gracilipes, alpigena, 

 chrysantha. Loniceras thrive in almost any good garden 

 soil, and prefer mostly sunny position, but L. ciliata, 

 nigra, Ledebouri, hispida and Xylosteum grow as well 

 or better in partly shaded situations. Pruning may be 

 done during winter except in the early-flowering species, 



1311. Fly Honeysuckle, Lonicera ciliata. 



like L. Standis7ii, fragrantissima, gracilipes and his- 

 pida. The Climbing Honeysuckles are well adapted for 

 covering walls, arbors and other trelliswork; they have 

 mostly handsome and often sweet-scented fls., but are 

 somewhat deficient in foliage, with the exception of L. 

 Japonica, and apt to become leafless and unsightly at 

 the base, and therefore may be mixed with other 

 climbers, like Ampelopsis, Akebia, Clematis. They per- 

 haps show their beauty to the best advantage when al- 

 lowed to ramble over shrubs and small trees. Those of 

 the Caprifolium group are mostly hardy North, with the 

 exception of the southern European species and L. his- 

 pidula, while of the Nintoa group L. Japonica is hardy 

 North,' at least in a sheltered position; this' species 

 makes also a very handsome ground cover, and, like L. 

 Periclymenum, grows well in shade, but the others 

 prefer sunny positions. Prop, by seeds sown in fall or 

 stratified and by cuttings of ripened wood ; also by 

 green-wood cuttings under glass in summer, but I/. Cap- 

 ri folium, sempervirens and allied species grow less 

 readily in this way. L. spinosa is sometimes grafted 

 high on stems of L. Tatarica, thus forming a small 

 weeping tree. About 140 species throughout the north- 



