GF 



LYCIUM 



fteu slender and sarmentose stems and with alternate 

 .r fascicled, short-petioled, entire Ivs.; the whitish violet 

 >r purple fls. are funnelform and appear in axillary clus- 

 ers or solitary, and are followed by usually very decora- 

 ive berries of scarlet or red, rarely yellow or black. 

 VIost of the species are tender, but L. halimifoUum, L. 

 'Jit > n ense , and also L. Turcomanicum and L. Huthenicum 

 ire hardy North. The two first named are especially 

 ittractive in fall, when the long and slender branches 

 i are loaded with scarlet or bright red frs., which contrast 

 rt-ell with the green foliage. The leaves remain fresh 

 and unchanged in color until they drop, after severe 

 ? frost. The species are well adapted for covering walls, 

 fences, arbors and other trellis work, but are, perhaps, 

 most beautiful when the branches are pendent from 

 rocks or from the top of walls. They are also used some- 

 : times for hedges, and for warmer regions especially 

 L. Afrum may be recommended. It is much used in 

 S. Africa for this purpose under tb.3 name of Caffir 

 Thorn. The Box Thorns grow in almost any soil that is 

 'not too moist. They should not be planted near flower 

 'beds or similar places, where the suckers are apt to be- 

 come troublesome. Prop, readily by hardwood cuttings 

 or suckers; also by layers and seeds. About 70 species 

 distributed through the temperate and subtropical re- 

 gions of both hemispheres. Lvs. mostly rather small, 

 often fleshy: fls. axillary, solitary or clustered; calyx 

 campanulate, 3-5-toothed ; corolla funnelform, with usu- 

 ally 5-lobed limb; stamens mostly 5: fr. a berry, with 

 few to many seeds. 



A. Lvs. rather large : corolla 5-lobed, dull purplish. 



halimifdlium, Mill. (L. vulgdre, Dun. L. fldccidum, 

 Koch ) . Shrub, with long and slender, spiny or unarmed 

 branches, recurving or sarmentose, glabrous : Ivs. cune- 

 ate, narrow, oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, grayish 

 green, l%-2 in. long: fls. 1-4, long-pedicelled; corolla 

 % in. across, limb about as long as tube; filaments hir- 

 sute at the base: fr. oval, orange-red or sometimes yel- 

 low, to % in. long. May-Sept. China to S. E.Eu. Gn.31, 

 p. 334 and 34, p. 63. B.B. 3:138. This species and also 

 the following are often confounded with L. Europceum 

 and L. Barbarum, which are chiefly distinguished by 

 the filaments being glabrous at the base, by the longer 

 tube and by the narrower and smaller Ivs. They are not 



LYCOPERSICUM 



957 





1335. Upright Tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, 

 var. validum. 



hardy North and are rare in cultivation, while L. halimi- 

 folium and the following are hardy. 



Chinense, Mill. Similar to the former, of more vigorous 

 growth: branches to 12 ft. long: Ivs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 bright green, l%-3 in. : fls. somewhat larger: fr. scarlet 

 or bright orange-red, ovate to oblong, sometimes almost 

 1 in. long. June-Sept. China. G.F. 4:102. The larger 

 fruited form is some- 

 times distinguished 

 as var. megistocar- 

 pum, Hort. (var. ma- 

 crocdrpum, Hort). 



AA. Lvs. small, % 

 in. long or shorter. 



Chilense, Bert 

 Shrub, with slender, 

 often procumbent 

 and mostly spineless 

 branches: Ivs. cune- 

 ate at base, oblong, 

 glandular - pubescent 

 on both sides, grayish 

 green, %-% in. long: 

 tis. usually solitary; 

 pedicels longer than 

 the 5-lobed, whitish 

 pubescent calyx; co- 

 rolla about %in. long, 

 pubescent and yel- 

 lowish outside, limb 

 5-lobed, purplish 

 within, about as long 

 as tube: fr. orange- 

 red. July-Oct. Chile. 

 The grayish color 

 and glandular pubes- 

 cence gives the foli- 

 age a frosted appear- 

 ance. Int. 1900 by 

 Franceschi, Santa 

 Barbara, Calif. 



Richii, Gray. Shrub, with slender spiny branches : 

 Ivs. short-petioled, cuneate, obovate, obtuse, glabrous 

 or minutely puberulous when young, about % in. long: 

 fls. usually 2-3; calyx as long as pedicels, with elongated 

 teeth; corolla % in. long, tube longer than 4-lobed limb: 

 fr. globular, bright red, %in. across. May-Sept. S.Calif. 



h6rridum, Thunb. Erect, spiny, much-branched shrub, 

 to 3 ft., glabrous : Ivs. sessile, spatulate, glabrous, 

 about % in. long : fls. short-pedicelled, small, whitish, 

 with rather slender tube and 3-4-lobed limb. S. Afr. 

 As I have seen no specimens of the plant in trade under 

 this name, I am not sure whether it is the true L. horri- 

 dum of Thunberg described above, or perhaps L. A frum, 

 which is much used in S. Africa for hedges; the latter 

 is easily distinguished by its large purple fls. 



L. Afrum, Linn. Upright, rigid, spiny: Ivs. linear-spatulate, 

 small: fls. solitary, tubular, with short limb, purple, 1 in. long. 

 N. and S. Afr. B.R. 5:354. S.B.F.G. II. 4:324. L. Edrbarum, 

 Linn. Spiny or unarmed slender shrub. Similar to L. halimi- 

 folium: fls. 3-6; tube inside and filaments at base glabrous, tube 

 longer than limb. N. Afr. i. Europceum, Linn. (L. Mediter- 

 raneum, Dun.). Spiny shrub, with spreading branches: Ivs. 

 spatulate, thickish: fls. short-pedicelled, with the slender tube 

 much longer than limb. Mediter. region. i. fuchsioldes, H BK. 

 = Iochroma fuchsioides. L. ovatum, Dun. (L. rhombifolium, 

 Dipp.). Allied to L. Chinense. Lvs. rhombic-ovate: fr. oblong, 

 large, with concave apex. L. pdllidum, Miers. Spiny spreading 

 shrub, to 3 ft.: Ivs. spatulate, glaucous, 1-2 in. long: fls. pedi- 

 celled, pale greenish purple, funnelform, almost 1 in. long: fr. 

 globular, bright red. Ariz, and Utah to Mexico. G.F. 1:341. 

 Has proved hardy in the Arnold Arboretum. L. RutMnicum, 

 Murr. Upright spiny shrub: Ivs. linear, small, thick: fls. small, 

 with rather long tube: fr. globular, black. L. Turcomanicum, 

 Turcz. Slender spiny shrub, allied to L. halimifolium : Ivs. and 

 fls. smaller, tube more slender and longer: fr. globular. Turke- 

 stan, N. China. L. subglbbosum, Dun. Allied to L. halimi- 

 folium, dwarfer, more erect, less spiny: Ivs. smaller: fr. subglo- 

 bose, small. S. Europe. ALFRED REHDER. 



LYCOPlSKSICUM (wolf peach; probably an allusion to 

 its inferiority as compared with the peach). Solanacece. 

 TOMATO. Perhaps nearly a dozen herbs of the western 

 side of S. America, two of which are in common cultiva- 



1336. Leaves of Tomatoes. 

 1, Lycopersicum esculentum, var. 



grandifolium. 

 2, var. vulgare; 3, cross of the two. 



