960 



LYCORIS 



LYONIA 



BB. Fls. bright red. 



radiata, Herb. (Nerlne Japdnica, Miq.). Bulb glo- 

 bose, 1> in. diam.; neck short: Ivs. produced in win- 

 ter, linear: stamens much longer than the perianth seg- 

 ments. China and Japan. B.R. 7:596 (as Amaryllis ra- 

 diata). A.G. 13:211. The perianth segments are more 

 recurved than in any other species. The tube is very 

 short, while in all the other kinds here described it is 

 X in. long. W . M. 



Lycoris aurea has been cultivated for many years in 

 American gardens, though it is not a common plant. 

 Lately, with large importations of L. radiata, the in- 

 terest in the genus has widened. These species have 

 the handsomer flowers, and are preferably cultivated un- 

 der glass, though the bulbs are probably hardy in warm, 

 protected borders ; at least they have more than once 



1341. Lycoris squamigera (X 



been frozen in pots at Elizabeth, N. J., without ap- 

 parent harm. In its habitat in China, L. aurea rests in 

 the wet season, and the most success in culture has 

 been found in growing it in a warmhouse, taking care 

 to cultivate the foliage and rest the bulbs in warmth 

 and moist earth. The same general directions may be 

 followed for L. radiata. As with all bulbs, a vigorous 

 growth of foliage is essential to the future appearance 

 of flowers. L. squamigera and L. sanguined are per- 

 fectly hardy ; their leaves appear in March, mature 

 and disappear. The flowers come in the nature of a 

 surprise in July and August. The former species has a 

 columnar scape 2-3 ft. tall and a cluster of large, ama- 

 ryllis-like flowers, of a bright rosy purple, rather attrac- 

 tive in the back row of a garden, but not of first rank. 

 L. sanguinea has a scape l%-2 ft., with small orange- 

 red flowers, dull and curious rather than striking. The 

 two former species have the beauty of the Nerines, but 

 the two latter have none of this resemblance. 



J. N. GERARD. 



LYGODIUM (Greek, twining). Schiece&cece. CLIMB- 

 ING FERNS. A genus of twining ferns, with the sporangia 

 borne singly under overlapping scales on the under sur- 

 face of reduced portions of the leaf. Some 30 species are 

 known from all parts of the world. For cult., see Ferns. 



A. Sterile pinnules palmate. (Native species.) 

 palmatum, Sw. HARTFORD FERN. Lvs. 2 ft. or more 

 high, twining, bearing pairs of cordate-palmate pinnules 

 l%-2 in. long, on short petioles; fertile pinnules 3-4- 

 pinnatifid, with the ultimate divisions linear. Mass, to 

 Fla. and Tenn.- Requires light, moist soil and partial 

 shade. 



AA. Sterile pinnules pinnate. (Exotic glasshouse 

 species.) 



scandens, Sw. Pinnules 4-8 in. long, 2-4 in. broad, 

 with a terminal segment and 4 or 5 on each side, which 

 are simple and usually ovate. India and China. Most 

 of the American material cultivated under this name be- 

 longs to the next species. 



Jap6nicum, Sw. Pinnules 4-8 in. long, nearly as wide, 

 deltoid, with a pinnatifld terminal segment and 2 or 3 

 lateral ones on each side, all unequal and the lowest 

 long-stalked and pinnate in the lower part. Japan and 

 the East Indies. -The common species in cultivation. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



LYON, THEODATUS TIMOTHY (Plate X),pomolo- 

 gist, was born in Lima, N. Y., January 13, 1813, and 

 died in South Haven, Mich., February 6, 1900. He was 

 the son of a farmer. His school going was very limited. 

 In 1828, his parents went to the territory of Michigan 

 where he was employed in many pioneer pursuits, as 

 farming, lumber-making, post-boy, tanner, merchant 

 He became more and more interested in farming, and in 

 1844 started a nursery on the farm at Plymouth, Mich. 

 He collected varieties from the local orchards, and found 

 their names much confused. His interest was chal- 

 lenged, and gradually he became absorbed in a study of 

 pomology, which in that day meant mostly knowledge 

 of varieties. Articles on the varieties of Michigan ap- 

 ples in the "Michigan Farmer" attracted the attention 

 of Charles Downing, and a correspondence and exchange 

 of varieties resulted. His name appears in the list of 

 correspondents in the revised editions of Downing's 

 "Fruits and Fruit Trees." For some years, Mr. Lyon 

 was president of a railway company. In 1874, he moved 

 to the "fruit belt" of southwestern Michigan, where he 

 became president of the Michigan Lake Shore Nursery 

 Association, and where he lived until his death. The 

 nursery association was not successful financially. In 

 1888, Mr. Lyon wrote a full (412 pp.) and careful "His- 

 tory of Michigan Horticulture," which was published 

 the seventeenth report of the State Horticultural Soi 

 ety, a society of which he was president from 1876 

 1891, and honorary president until his death. In 18* 

 he took charge of the South Haven sub-station of 

 Michigan Experiment Station ; and here, with his fruit 

 and trees, he lived quietly and happily to the last. 



Mr. Lyon was one of the last of the older generation 

 of pomologists. Like his colleagues, he was an expert 

 on varieties. He was one of that sacred company which 

 placed accuracy and cautiousness before every con- 

 sideration of ambition or personal gain. His friends 

 knew that he had not the temper of a commercial man. 

 At one time it was said of him that he was the most 

 critical and accurate of American pomologists. The 

 fruit lists of the Michigan Horticultural Society, his 

 labors in revision of nomenclature for the American 

 Pomological Society, and his various bulletins of the 

 Michigan Experiment Station, show his keen judgment 

 of varieties. Personally, he was retired, modest, cautious 

 in speech, generous, simple in habit and manner. 



L. H. B. 



LYONIA (after John Lyon, who introduced many 

 American plants into England, died before 1818 in Ashe- 

 ville, N. C.). Syn., Xolisma. Ericacece. Ornamental 

 evergreen or deciduous shrubs, with alternate short- 

 petioled Ivs., and small white fls. in clusters, usuall 

 forming terminal racemes or panicles. Only the deck 

 uous L. ligustrina is hardy North, but is less desirabl 

 than other hardy species of allied genera. It prefer 

 moist, peaty soil, while the evergreen tender L. fet 

 ginea thrives best in a sandy, well-drained soil. Cul 

 and prop, like Leucothoe and Pieris. About 10 specie 

 in E. N. Amer., W. Indies and Mexico. Allied to Piei 

 and often included under Andromeda. Calyx lobes 4- 

 valvate; corolla globular or urceolate, pubescent; st 

 mens 8-10 : capsules 4-5-valved, with ribs at the sutuj 

 seeds numerous. 



ligustrina, Muhl. (Andromeda panicnlata :, Ait 

 L. paniculata, Nutt.). Deciduous, much-branchet 

 shrub, to 10 ft. : Ivs. obovate to oblong-lanceolate, entii 

 or obscurely serrate, pubescent beneath, 1-2 in. lonj 

 fls. in leafless racemes, forming terminal panicles; cc 

 rolla globose, whitish, one-sixth in. long. May-Jul] 

 Canada to Fla., west to Tenn. and Ark. B.B. 2 :570. 



ferruginea, Nutt. (Andrdmeda fermginea, Walt.1 

 Evergreen shrub or small tree : Ivs. cuneate, obovate 

 oblong, with revolute margin, scurfy when unfoldinj 

 especially below, 1-2 in. long : fls. nodding, globule 

 white, in clusters in the axils of the upper Ivs. Fel 

 March. S. C. to Fla. S. 8.5:234. L.B.C. 5:430. -Ham 

 some evergreen shrub, but rarely cult., hardy on! 

 South. Var. arborescens, Michx. ( Andrdmeda rigidc 

 Pursh). Of vigorous growth, more rigid and wit 

 crowded Ivs., growing into a small tree. Var. frutict 

 Michx. (A . rhomboiddlis , Nouv. Duh.). Shrubby: Ivs 

 sparser, conspicuously reticulated. ALFRED HERDER. 



