MAINE 



4 not far from 10,000,000 bushels. The greater portion of 



k the potatoes grown in Aroostook county is converted 



'., into starch. The annual product of the starch factories 



is from 12,000,000 to 15,000,000 pounds. The average 



yield is about 120 bushels per acre, but as many as 500 



;.: and even 700 bushels have been obtained. 



The production of sweet corn for canning has become 



p an important industry in the southwestern and central 



parts of the state. The total pack in 1890 was about 



. 12,000,000 cans, representing 3,000 acres. In 1892, 18,- 



(i 000,000 cans were packed, while in 1897 the output was 



about the same. 



The rocky hillsides of southwestern Maine are espe- 

 cially suited for producing apples of superior color, 

 flavor and keeping qualities. Fears and plu.ns are also 

 i grown to a considerable extent. The value of the orchard 

 products is about $1,500, 000 annually. Desirable sites for 

 orchards range in value from $5 to $50 per acre, accord- 

 ing to the location and distance from shipping points. 



Small fruits thrive over the greater part of the state, 

 i and find a ready market at the numerous summer resorts 

 , for which Maine is noted. 



The canning of blueberries is an important industry 



in some parts of the state. In Washington county about 



120,000 acres, otherwise worthless, are known as the 



"blueberry barrens." The annual output of the canning 



factories is valued at $75,000 to $100,000, and 1,500 or 



: 2,000 bushels are shipped while fresh. In other parts 



i of the state there are many thousand acres that may be 



utilized in the same way. Some of the more important 



blueberry regions are indicated by the shaded 



areas on the map. 



In providing for education along agricultural 

 lines, Maine has not been behind other states. 

 While Arthur Young and others were striving to 

 improve the agriculture of Great Britain, leading 

 citizens of the then District of Maine united in 

 forming one of the first agricultural societies in 

 America. As noted by Boardman: "The light 

 stations first established in this country for the 

 improvement and the diffusion of agricultural 

 literature were at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1785 ; 

 Charleston, S. C., in 1785; Hallowell, Maine,1787." 



The first agricultural and industrial college in North 

 America, the Gardiner Lyceum, was established at Gar- 

 diner, Me., in 1821, when a yearly grant of $1,000 was 

 made by the state. The purpose of the school was "to 

 give mechanics and farmers such a scientific education 

 as would enable them to become skilled in their profes- 

 sions." This institution, under the patronage of the 

 Vaughans and the Gardiners, flourished until 1835, when 

 state aid was withdrawn. It was continued for two 

 years at the expense of Mr. Gardiner, and then closed. 

 In connection with the Lyceum, a farm was utilized for 

 experiments in agriculture, and "to give the future 

 agriculturist the knowledge of those principles of sci- 

 ence upon which his future success depends, and an 

 opportunity to see them reduced to practice." 



In 1865 the State College of Agriculture and the 

 Mechanic Arts was established under the provisions of 

 the "Morrill Act." This, in 1897, became the University 

 of Maine, with a well-equipped agricultural department. 

 The Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, established 

 under the provisions of the "Hatch Act" in 1887, forms 

 a department of the university. In addition to the work 

 of the university, important educational work is carried 

 on in the form of farmers' institutes by the State Board 

 of Agriculture, consisting of one member from each 

 county, with permanent headquarters at the capital. 

 There are also two state agricultural societies, one state 

 pomological society, and nearly 50 county and town 

 agricultural societies which receive aid from the state. 



W. M. MUNSON 

 MAIZE. See Corn and Zea. 



MAKART DECOEATIONS and bouquets are dried 

 grasses and everlastings, whether dyed or not. The 

 celebrated painter, Hans Makart, once decorated his 

 salon with dried palm leaves, pampas grass and the 

 like, to the delight of the Emperor of Austria, who 

 visited the artist's studio: hence the name. See Ever- 

 lastings and G.C. 111.6:714. 



MALAY APPLE. Eugenia Jambos. 



MALOPE 969 



MALCOLMIA. See Malcomia. 



MALCOMIA (Wm. Malcolm, English horticulturist of 

 the eighteenth century). Also written Malcolmia, but it 

 was originally spelled Malcomia. Cruciferce. A genus 

 of about 20 species, one of which is called the Virginian 

 Stock, though it is a native of the Mediterranean region. 

 It is a charming hardy annual of the easiest culture, 

 growing about a foot high, with a more branching and 

 open habit than the common stock (Matthiola), and 4- 

 petaled fls. each about % in. across. Red, white and 

 crimson-fld. kinds are offered in America, while rose 

 and lilac fls. appear in the mixtures. There seem to be 

 no double forms. It is an excellent plant for the front 

 of a border, as it may be easily had in bloom from spring 

 to fall by means of successional sowings. Seeds are 

 best sown in the fall, as they give earlier bloom. Seeds 

 may be sown thinly. See Annuals. 



1350. Virginian Stock, Crimson King. 



Malcomia is a genus of branching herbs: branches 

 often prostrate: Ivs. alternate, entire or pinnatifid: fls. 

 in a loose raceme ; petals long and linear or long-clawed : 

 pods rather terete, long or awl-shaped: seeds in 1 series 

 or in 2 series at the base of the cells. 



maritima, R. Br. VIRGINIAN STOCK. MAHON STOCK. 

 Figs. 1350, 1351. Stem erect, branching: Ivs. elliptic, 

 obtuse, entire, narrowed at the base, pubescence ap- 

 pressed, 2-4-parted : pedicels rather shorter than the 

 calyx : pods pubescent, long-acuminate at the apex. 

 B.M. 166 (as Cheiranthus maritimus, showing red fls., 

 changing to purple before fading). \\r. M. 



MALLOTUS (Greek, woolly). Euphorbidcece. Trees 

 or shrubs, with broad opposite Ivs., with small dioecious 

 fls. in spikes or panicles: petals and disk absent; calyx 

 3-5-lobed ; stamens numerous ; styles 3, almost free, 

 recurved ; capsule spherical, splitting into 3 parts. 

 About 80 species in the Old World tropics. 



Japdnicus, Mull. Arg. A small tree, with large, ovate, 

 palmately nerved, nearly glabrous, sub-trilobed, long- 

 petioled Ivs.: spikes branched terminal: fls. 2-3 lines 

 wide; stamens 60-70, yellow; stigmas slightly feathery : 

 capsules pubescent, % in. in diam. Japan and China. 

 R.H. 1894, p. 103. -Cult, at Santa Barbara. 



J. B. S. NORTON. 



MALLOW. Malva rotundifolia. 



MALLOW, FALSE, Malvastrum. 



MALOPE (name used by Pliny for some kind of mal- 

 low). Malvacece. A genus of 10 species of annuals from 

 the Mediterranean region, one of which is cult, under 

 the name of M. grandiflora. It grows 1-3 ft. high, and 

 bears red or white, 5-petaled fls. 2^-3 in. across, in sum- 

 mer and fall. The genus is allied to Althaea, which it 

 resembles in having solitary ascending ovules, but has 

 the carpels crowded into a sort of head without order, 

 while in Althaea the carpels are in a single whorl. Also, 

 Malope has 3 bractlets, while Althaea has 6-9. Herbs 



