MARRUBIUM 



iu large quantities for confections and medicines 

 coughs and colcl.s. 



[arrubiuin comprises similar perennials branched 

 the base, with wrinkled and crenate or cut Ivs., 

 many-fld. axillary whorls of small white or purplish 

 : calyx tubular, 5-10-nerved and with 5 or 10 awl- 

 >od teeth. 



Ire, Linn. COMMON HOREHOUND. Height 1-3 ft.: 

 is ascending: Ivs. ovate, stalked: calyx with 10. re- 

 red teeth, the alternate ones shorter: fls. white. 



B.B. 3:84. 



[orehound (or Hoarhound) in America has become a 

 imon weed in New England, Indiana and upon the 

 Iflc coast, especially south of Sau Francisco. From 

 last region is obtained Horehound honey, a product 

 isidered useful in the treatment of coughs and colds, 

 he leaves and tops have a bitter, penetrating taste and 

 I strong, not unpleasant odor, which is somewhat dis- 

 pated by drying. In addition to its well-known uses 

 i pulmonary troubles, it is credited with tonic, laxative 

 ad, in domestic medicine, deobstruent properties. The 

 lant prefers a dry, warm, rather rich, light soil. It may 

 ,i'e readily propagated by division of the clumps or by 

 'eed sown in the spring where the plants are to remain. 

 'he drills should be 2 feet apart and the plants 1 

 ,iot asunder. With clean cultivation and moderate an- 

 nual manuring two abundant cuttings should be ob- 

 ained each year. Since the market is fully supplied by 

 f he wild plants and since, when once established, it will 

 ;row almost spontaneously, the cultivation of Hore- 

 iound is not recommended except to supply private 

 M. G. KAINS and M. B. COULSTON. 



MARSDENIA (William Marsden, 1754-1836, wrote a 

 listory of Sumatra). Asclepiaddcece. About 50 species 

 >f tropical and subtropical shrubs, mostly twiners, of 

 ,vhich about half a dozen species are cult, in Europe 

 inder glass. M. Roylei, a fiber and dye plant from the 

 East Indies, was introduced by Reasoner in 1889, but is 

 aowlost. The genus is allied to Stephanotis, which has 

 large white fls., while those of Marsdenia are usually 

 purplish, lurid, greenish or pallid. Lvs. opposite: 

 3ymes umbel-shaped, simple or branched, terminal or 

 axillary: calyx 5-parted: corolla bell-, urn- or salver- 

 shaped; lobes narrow or broad, overlapping to the right: 

 crown of 5 scales: seeds comose. 



R6ylei, Wight. Lvs. 3-6 in. long, 2-4 in. wide, ovate 

 cordate, acuminate, pubescent or tomentose beneath; 

 petioles l%-2 in. long: cymes 1-1% in. across: fls. 3-4 

 lines in diam.; corolla somewhat bell-shaped; lobes 

 large, fleshy; stigma not extended beyond the anthers: 

 seeds % in. long. L H. B. 



MARSHALLIA (Humphrey Marshall, wrote Arbus- 

 tum Americanum, 1785, the first American work on our 

 trees and shrubs ; also founded one of the first Ameri- 

 can botanic gardens). Compdsitce. About 9 species of 

 perennial North American herbs, of which only one 

 species, M. ccespitosa, seems to have been offered. 

 Marshallias are tufted plants, growing about a foot 

 high, with entire Ivs. and scapes bearing solitary ray- 

 less heads about 1% in. across. Somewhat like the 

 common Scabious. These are rose-purple or white, 

 with blue anthers, and appear in spring or summer. 

 For fuller description, see our manuals. 



caespitdsa, Nutt. Tufted, glabrous: Ivs. spatulate- 

 linear; upper ones linear: bracts of the involucre 

 linear: disk-fls. pale rose or white: seeds inversely 

 pyramidal, villous on the angles. Limestone soil, Ark. 

 to Tex. B.M.3704. B.B. 3:443. 



MARSH MALLOW. Althcea officinalis, 



MARSlLEA (Giovanni Marsigli, Italian botanist of 

 last part of the eighteenth century, or Aloys Ferd., Graf 

 von Marsigli, 1658-1730). Marsileacece. Aquatic flower- 

 less plants ( about 40 species ) , with Ivs. like 4-leaved clover 

 oroxalis, one species of which, M. quadrifolia,Ltinn.,is 

 sold and is also run wild in the eastern states. It is a 

 creeping plant, rooting in the mud on the margins of 

 ponds and making an attractive cover. The petioles 

 grow 3-5 in. tall, or taller in the water, and bear at the 



MARTYNIA 



985 



apex 4 bright green obcuneate or triangular leaflets. 

 The sporocarps or fruits are nearly sessile at the base 

 of the petioles. Prop, easily by pieces of the runners, 

 and is likely to become a weed. The young leaflets 

 close at night. Europe and Asia. Mn. 6, p. 107. 



MARTINEZIA (Rev. Dr. Baltasar Jacobo Martinez 

 Companon, archbishop of Santa Fe,who sent many early 

 collections of plants from Peru). Palmdcece. Orna- 

 mental palms, with spiny ringed trunks: Ivs. pinnate, 

 the segments broad, wedge-shaped, alternate or grouped, 

 the apex truncate and ragged: petioles and rachis 

 spiny, as are also the spadices and spathes of the in- 

 florescence: fls. rather small: fr. globose, 1-celled, 

 orange, scarlet or rose-pink. Species 7. Trop. Amer. 



JARED G. SMITH. 



Martinezias are beautiful palms, and make fairly 

 good house plants. They must have a stove tempera- 

 ture. They do not require a great amount of soil. Light 

 sandy loam, with plenty of sharp sand, is best. They 

 need abundant moisture. They sometimes flower in 

 cultivation, but the 4 kinds given below are distinct by 

 their foliage and spines. Like all armed palms, they 

 are slow to germinate, but after the first or second 

 year they grow fairly fast. The commonest and best 

 kind is M. caryotce folia, which has fewer spines than the 

 other species and, unlike many other palms, shows its 

 true Ivs. at a very early stage. It resembles the fish- 

 tail palms (Caryota),but the Ivs. are a lighter green and 

 generally larger. M. erosa makes a better specimen at 

 5-6 ft. than when small. It is much more jagged at the 

 tips of the Ivs. Being very spiny all over, it is less de- 

 sirable. M. Lindeniana is more like the first. The 

 spines are longer but not very numerous. M. Grana- 

 tensis is of coarser habit and slower growth, and desir- 

 able only for large collections. jj ^ SIEBRECHT. 

 A. Lvs. divided into segments. 



B. Segments in groups. 

 C. Apex of segments 3-lobed. 



caryotsefdlia, HBK. Stems at length 30 to 50 ft. high : 

 Ivs. few, 3-6 ft. long, light green; Ifts. in groups, 6-12 

 in. long, 4-6 in. wide at the apex: stem, petioles, rachis 

 and nerves below, densely clothed with long black 

 spines. Colombia. G.C. 1872:181. B.M. 6854. F.R.2:49. 



CO. Apex of segments with a point projecting from the 

 upper margin, 



Lindeniana, H. Wendl. Stems 9-15 ft. high: pinna) 

 in opposite groups of 4 to 6, the groups widely sepa- 

 rated, long-wedge-shaped, 10-14 in. long, 8-10 times as 

 long as broad, with a short, projecting point at the up- 

 per margin, the nerves ciliate-spiny toward the end: 

 petiole densely covered with grayish brown hairs, with 

 many rather large black spines 1-2 % in. long: rachis is 

 also spiny above and below: midnerve of each segment 

 a trifle shorter than the lower margin and spiny be- 

 neath, like the rachis and lateral nerves: Ivs. dark 

 green above, lighter beneath; terminal segment broad- 

 est: fr. rose-red. Mountains of Colombia, at an altitude 

 of 6,000 ft. 



BB. Segments in 2-4 pairs. 



erosa, Linden. Lvs. with 2-3 pairs of narrow Ifts. at 

 base and a pair of broader ones at the apex, all oblique 

 at the apex, bearing long, brown, needle-shaped spines 

 on the veins and midrib: rachis cylindrical or obtusely 

 angled, mealy, clothed with spines like those on the Ivs. 

 West Indies. G.C. 1872:1297. 



AA. Lvs. bifid at the apex. 



Granatensis, Hort. (M. Granade'nsis, Hort.). Lvs. 

 roundish oblong or roundish ovate, entire at the base, 

 bifid at the apex, evenly toothed along the edges: pet- 

 ioles and rachis with dark brown, needle shaped, spread- 

 ing or reflexed spines, %-l in. long. Colombia. 



JARED G. SMITH. 



MARTtNIA (John Martyn, 1699-1768, professor of 

 botanj r at Cambridge, botanical author and editor of 

 the largest edition of Miller's "Gardeners' Diction- 

 ary"). Pedalidcece About 10 species of coarse annuals 

 from the warmer parts of America, a few of which are 

 cult, for pickles or for ornament. Thev have large 

 showy fls. much like those of Catalpa in form, the 2 



