MATRICARIA 



MATTHIOLA 



993 



iface and ribless on the back ; also in having a higher or 

 'more conical receptacle, and bracts in few rather than 

 many series. Matricarias are annual or perennial 

 weedy herbs, often heavily scented, about 25 species in 

 'many parts of the world. The foliage is much cut or 

 divided into thread-like divisions. 



1 The Matricarias are border plants in cultivation, and 

 'others are introduced weeds. They are commonly con- 

 founded with species of Chrysanthemum and feverfew. 

 iThe M. eximia plena of the trade is a form of Chrysan- 

 themum Partheniiim (var. tubulosum). It is a good 

 hardy annual, with white, double heads, growing 2 ft. 

 tall. Matricarias demand the care given to annual Chrys- 

 anthemums. The two following are annuals or biennials. 

 inoddra, Linn. (Chrysanthemum inoddrum. Linn. 

 Pi/reihrum inoddrum, Smith). Nearly or quite glabrous, 

 branchy diffuse annual, 1-2 ft. tail, from Europe and 

 Asia. Lvs. many, sessile, 2-3-pinuately divided or dis- 

 sected: heads 1% in. across, terminating the branches, 

 with many acute white rays : akenes inversely pyra- 

 midal, with 3 conspicuous ribs. Not \incommon in fields 

 eastward. Var. plenissima, Hort. (var. liguldsa, var. 

 mnltioler, M. grandi f lora, Hort. not Fenzl.), is a com- 

 mon garden plant with very double, clear white, large 

 heads. It is floriferous. and the fls. are fine for cutting. 

 (T.C. II. 12:753. It often persists and blooms the sec- 

 ond year. Foliage little or not at all scented. 



parthenoides, Desf. (M. Capensis, Hort., not Linn. 

 Anthemis parthenoides, Bernh. Chrysanthemum par- 

 thenoides, Voss). Annual, or biennial under cultiva- 

 tion, 2 ft. or less high, soft-hairy when young, but be- 

 coming smooth, bushy in growth: Ivs. petiolate, twice 

 divided, tne ultimate segments ovate and often 3-lobed: 

 fl. -heads loosely corymbose, in the garden forms usually 

 double, white. A handsome plant, probably of Old 

 World origin, useful for pots, and blooming till frost. 



Other introduced species from Eu. are M. Chamomilla, 

 Linn., a glabrous, much-branched annual, with finely dissected 

 Ivs., 10-20 truncate white rays, and an oblong, nearly terete 

 akene with 3-5 .aint ribs; and M. discoidea, DC. (M.matricari- 

 oides. Porter), a very leafy and glabrous annual with no rays 

 and a lightly nerved oblong akene. L, jj ( g. 



MATRIMONY VINE. See Lycium. 

 MATSEA. Consult Manettia. 



MATTEtTCCIA (from C. Matteucci, an Italian physi- 

 cist). Polypodiacece. A small genus of north tem- 

 perate ferns, with leaves of two sorts, the sterile grow- 

 ing in crowns from erect rootstocks, and the fertile 

 growing from the interior of the crown. Our species is 

 known as the Ostrich Fern and is one of the most easily 

 cultivated, as well as one of the handsomest of our na- 

 tive species. It multiplies rapidly by offsets sent out 

 from the rootstock. Commonly known as an Onoclea or 

 Struthiopteris. 



Struthi6pteris, Todaro ( Struthidpteris Germdnica, 

 Willd. Onoclea Struthiopteris, Ho&m.). OSTRICH FERN. 

 Lvs. (sterile) 2-6 ft. long, with the lowest pinnae grad- 

 ually reduced; fertile Ivs. 10-15 in. long, pinnate, with 

 the margins of the pinnse closely inrolled and covering 

 the sori. Eu. and northeastern N. Amer. Wildenow re- 

 garded the American species distinct, but by most 

 botanists it is considered as identical with the European 

 species. L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



MATTHlOLA (Peter Andrew Matthioli, 1500-1577, 

 Italian physician and writer on plants). Sometimes 

 spelled Mathiola. Crucifertr. STOCK. GILLIFLOWER, 

 when used at the present day, means Matthiolaor some- 

 times Cheiranthus; formerly it designated Dianthus 

 Caryophylhis. From Cheiranthus, the wallflower, this 

 genus differs in its winged seeds, which are as broad as 

 the partition, the stigma lobes erect or connivent and 

 often thickened on the outside, the silique not 4-sided 

 (terete or compressed). Of Matthiolas there are prob- 

 ably 30 species, widely distributed in the Old World and 

 Australia. They are herbs or subshrubs, tomentose, 

 with oblong or linear-entire or sinuate Ivs., and large, 

 mostly purple fls. in terminal racemes or spikes. 



The true Stocks (Fig. 1377) are of this genus. The 



Virginian Stocss are diffuse small-flowered annuals of 

 the genus Malcomia (which see). Stocks are of two 

 general types, the autumn-blooming, Queen or Bromp- 

 ton Stocks, and the summer-blooming, Ten Weeks or 

 Intermediate Stocks. By some persons these classes 

 are made to represent two species M. incana and M. 

 annua respectively. It is probable, however, that they 

 are garden forms of one polymorphous type. Even if 

 distinct originally, it is not possible now to distinguish 

 them by definite botanical characters. Stocks are 

 amongst the most common of all garden flowers. The 

 two types cover the entire blooming season, particularly 

 if the earlier ones are started indoors. Most of the gar- 

 den forms are double, although some of the single 

 types are desirable for the definiteness and simplicity 

 of their outlines. The colors are most various, running 

 from white through rose, crimson, purple and parti- 

 colored. The fls. are fragrant. For culture, see Stock. 



1377. Ten Weeks' Stock Matthiola incana. var. annua (X %). 



incana, R. Br. COMMON AUTUMNAL or BROMPTON 

 STOCK. Biennial or perennial, becoming woody at base, 

 but usually treated as an annual: erect-branching, 

 closely tomentose-pubescent, the stems stiff and cylin- 

 drical: Ivs. alternate, tapering into a petiole, long-ob- 

 long or oblanceolate, entire, obtuse: fls. with saccate 

 lateral sepals and large petals with long claws and 

 wide-spreading limb, borne on elongating stalks in an 

 open, terminal, erect raceme: siliques becoming 3-4 in. 

 long, erect. Mediterranean region; also Isle of Wight. 

 - M. glabrata, DC., is a glabrous form. 



Var annua Voss (M. dnnua, Sweet). TEN-WEEKS, 

 or INTERMEDIATE STOCKS. Fig. 1377. Annual, less 

 woody, blooming earlier. -A shining-lvd. variety i 

 known. 



