1096 



NORTH DAKOTA 



NUPHAR 



sweet and rich when ripe, but too soft to keep well. In 

 a domestic way wild plum jelly is recognized as a staple 

 article of superior merit, and though the plums are 

 abundant in most seasons, yet they readily bring $2 per 

 bushel in the local markets. The improved strains of 

 this plum, like the DeSoto, Weaver and Aitkin, are 

 being introduced and successfully cultivated. The buf- 

 falo berry is found from the James river westward, 

 growing in thickets along streams and coulees. The 

 bright red acid fruit is borne in the greatest profusion, 

 but is rather difficult to gather, as it is sessile and 

 thorns are plenty. It makes a clear jelly of reddish 

 amber color and delicate flavor. The choke cherry of 

 North Dakota is a puzzle botanically, and until further 

 studied may as well pass for P. demissa. It is nearer 

 to that, in superficial characters at least, than to P. Vir- 

 giniana. The fruit is used to some extent for wine and 

 marmalade and with other fruit in making jellies. P. 

 pumila is widely scattered but not abundant, and the 

 fruit is used but little. In the western part of the state 

 the Juneberry produces abundantly a large fruit of 

 rich flavor, but is more often used fresh from the 

 bushes than in a culinary way. The rapid settling of 

 the state has increased the demand for native fruits to 

 such an extent that their value is being appreciated, 

 and private ownership even in wild fruits is being in- 

 sisted upon and recognized. This, of course, leads di- 

 rectly to the development and preservation of the better 

 strains. GLARE BAILEY WALDKON. 



NORTHWEST TERRITORY. See Canada. 



NOTHOFAGUS (Greek words, meaning not a true 

 beech). Cupuliferce. A genus of about 12 species, native 

 of S. America, Australia and New Zealand, closely allied 

 to Fagus, but chiefly distinguished by the fls., both 

 staminate and pistillate ones being borne in 3's or soli- 

 tary. The Ivs. are generally small, often evergreen and 

 either plicate in bud, like those of Fagus, or not. The 

 wood of some species, especially that of N. Dombeyi and 

 N. procera, in Chile, and of a. Cunninghami, in Aus- 

 tralia, is much valued. They are not hardy in the North, 

 and but little known in cultivation; they are probably 

 not cult, in this country, though the following 4 species 

 have been introduced into European gardens and have 

 proved fairly hardy in England: N. Antarctica, Oerst., 

 TV. obllqua, Oerst., N. betuloldes, Oerst., N. Cunning- 

 hami, Oerst., all trees or sometimes shrubby, with small, 

 ovate or elliptic, crenate-dentate Ivs., K-l in. long. The 

 2 first named are deciduous, the other 2 evergreen. 

 They are perhaps oftener enumerated under Fagus, but 

 besides the difference in the fls. they are strikingly dif- 

 ferent in habit, especially on account of their very small 

 Ivs., large only in N. procera. ALFRED REHDER. 



NOTHOL2ENA (Latin, spurious, cloak; from the 

 rudimentary indusium). Polypodiacece. Often written 

 Nothochlcena, but the above is Robert Brown's original 

 orthography. A genus of mostly warm temperate rock- 

 loving ferns, differing from Cheilanthes mainly in hav- 

 ing no marginal indusium. Some of the species are 

 coated with a golden or silvery wax-like powder. The 

 following have been advertised only once by a dealer in 

 native plants. See Fern. 



A. Fronds densely matted beneath. 

 B. Lvs. once pinnate. 



sinuata, Kaulf. Lvs. 1-2 ft. long, 1-2 in. wide, grow- 

 ing on short stalks from thick, scaly rootstocks; pinnae 

 thick, entire or deeply pinnatifid ; lower surface with 

 rusty scales. Southwestern U. S. to Chile. 



ferruginea, Hook. Lvs. 6-12 in. long, J^-l in. wide, 

 growing on wiry black stalks from thick, dark, scaly 

 rootstalks; pinnae deeply pinnatifid, with blunt lobes; 

 texture thinner ; lower surface densely matted with 

 wool. Southwestern U. S. to West Indies and Chile. 



BB. Lvs. S- to 4-pinnate. 



Newberryi, D. C. Eaton. COTTON FERN. Lvs. 3-5 in. 

 long, on stalks of the same length ; ultimate segments 

 %-% line wide, covered on both sides with slender, 

 entangled hairs, which are more dense on the under 

 surface. Calif. 



P&rryi, D. C. Eaton. LACE FERN. Lvs. 2-4 in. long, 

 tripinnate, with crowded roundish obovate segments 1 

 line wide, which are densely covered above with entan- 

 gle.d white hairs, beneath with a heavier pale brown 

 wool. Utah to Calif. 



AA. Fronds with white or yellow powder beneath. 



cretacea, Liebm. Rootstock short, with rigid scales: 

 Ivs. 1-2 in. each way, pentagonal on brownish stalks 

 2-7 in. long; ultimate segments oblong or triangular- 

 oblong, crowded. Southern Calif, and Ariz. Less 

 handsome than the similar but larger and less divided 

 N. Hookeri of Texas to Arizona. 



Candida, Hook. Rootstock creeping : Ivs. 3-6 in. long, 

 ovate or deltoid-ovate, pinnate; lowest pinnse with 

 inferior pinnules elongated and again pinnatifid; upper 

 surface green. Tex. and New Mex. 



AAA. Fronds naked below. 



tenera, Gillies. Lvs. 3-4 in. long, ovate-pyramidal, 

 2-3-pinnate ; pinnae distant, with ovate or subcordate, 

 smooth, naked segments. S. Utah and Calif, to Bolivia. 

 -Very rare. L . Mt UNDERWOOD. 



NOTH6SCJORDUM (Greek, false garlic). Liliacece. 

 About 10 species of herbs having an onion-like bulb 

 and closely related to Allium. Most of the species are 

 found in tropical S. Amer., 1 in China and 1 in the 

 U. S., ranging from Va. to Ind., Neb. and southward, 

 in open woodlands and prairies. The bulb is without 

 the onion odor and taste: scape 6-12 in. high: Ivs. 

 linear, basal, 6-12 in. long : fls. yellow or white, in an 

 umbel : capsule oblong-obovate, somewhat lobed, ob- 

 tuse : style obscurely jointed : ovary 3-loculed ; ovules 

 several in each locule. 



striatum, Kunth. YELLOW FALSE GARLIC. STREAK- 

 LEAVED GARLIC. Bulb globular, 1 in. through, some- 

 times bearing bulblets at base : scape 1 ft. or less 

 high : Ivs. 7-8 in. high, 1-2 lines broad : fls. white, 6-7 

 in an umbel on slender pedicels, the segments narrowly 

 oblong, 4-6 lines long : ovules 4-7 in each cell. Early 

 spring. Va.,west. B.B. 1:415. Hardy. Procurable from 

 dealers in native plants. Mi B- COULSTON. 



NOVA SCOTIA. See Canada. 



N0PHAR (from the Arabic). Nyvnphceacece. SPAT- 

 TER-DOCK. YELLOW POND LILY. Six or eight aquatic 

 plants of the north temperate zone, with stout root- 

 stocks creeping in the mud, and large, cordate-ovate or 

 sagittate Ivs., some of which are floating and others 

 either floating or standing erect above the water: fls. 

 usually standing above the water, yellow or purplish, 

 single on the scapes, the sepals 5 or 6 or more and con- 

 stituting the showy part of the flower; petals numer- 

 ous, small and usually simulating stamens, the latter 

 numerous and short: ovary short and globular-ovoid, 

 with 8-24 stigmas forming rays on its top : f r. a small, 

 emersed capsule. The largest part of the Nuphars are 

 North American. They grow in stagnant pools or on 

 the margins of slow-running mud-bottom streams. 

 Although several species have been offered by dealers, 

 most of them have small value for the cultivator, al- 

 though the foliage effects of TV. advena may be striking. 

 For culture, see Nymphoza and Aquatics. By some the 

 Linnaean Nymphaea is used for this genus, and Castalia 

 is used for the true water lilies. See Nymphcea. 

 A. Lvs. mostly cordate-ovate: northern. 

 B. Plants strong and large. 



advena, Smith. COMMON SPATTER-DOCK. Fig. 1"495. 

 Lvs. large (about 1 ft. long), varying from cordate- 

 ovate to cordate-oblong, thick, with a deep and mostly 

 open basal sinus, the lower surface often pubescent; 

 submerged Ivs. usually wanting: fls. 2-3 in. across, 

 more or less globular (not wide-opening), yellow or 

 purple tinged, the petals fleshy and truncate, the sepals 

 6: stigma with 12-24 rays. N. Brunswick to Fla. and 

 west. Mn. 1:17. G.C. II. 20:557. 



rubrodiscum, Morong. Lvs. somewhat smaller; sub- 

 merged Ivs. usually present: fls. 1-1% in. across, yel- 

 low, with 5 or 6 sepals, the stigmatic disk bright red 

 and 9-12-rayed, the petals spatulate and fleshy. Penn. 

 to Mich., and north. 



