PAPAVER 



PAPAVER 



1207 



grower if planted thickly. The fls. are of an intense 

 cardinal color, without black blotch; the outer petals 

 much larger than the inner, overlapping at the edges, 

 giving itthe appearance of a tulip. P. arena rintn, in the 

 writer's experience, is scarcely worth growing. 



R. B. WHYTE. 



A. Capsule not bristly. 



B. Filaments dilated at apex. 



c. Foliage glaucous 1. somniferum 



CO. foliage green. 



D. Fls. net bracted 2. orientale 



DD. Fls. with large, leafy 



bracts 3. bracteatum 



BB. Filaments not dilated at 



apex. 



c. Stem-lvs. not clasping. 

 D. Herbage decidedly 



bristly or hairy. 



E. Stigmatic rays 8-10. 4. Khosas 

 EE. Stigmatic rays 6-8. . 5. rupifragum, 



var. Atlanticum 



EEE. Stigmatic rays 3-6. . 6. Caucasicum 

 DD. Herbage sparingly 

 bristly or merely 

 pilose-pubescent. 

 E. Petals purple, spotted 



dark. 



p. Lvs. bipinnalisect. 1. arenarium 

 FF. Lvs . pinnately 



parted 8. laevigatum 



BE. Petals brick -red, 



spotted green 9. Californieum 



EEE. Petals orange - red, 



unspotted 10. rupifragum 



cc. Stem-lvs. clasping 11. glaucum 



D. Herbage bristly 12. aculeatum 



DD. Herbage soft-hairy ....13. pilosum 



AA. Capsule bristly 



B. Stems leafless 14. nudicaule 



15. alpinum 

 BB. Stems leafy. 



c. Sepals appendaged: cap- 

 sule minute 16. Pavoninum 



cc. Sepals not appendaged: 



capsule large 17. Persicum 



1. somniferum, Linn. OPIUM POPPY. Fig. 1636. Ro- 

 bust, glaucous and glabrous plant, 3-4 ft. high, with fls. 

 4-5 in. across, much larger than those of any annual 

 kind. Lvs. oblong, unequally toothed at the base; stem- 

 Ivs. cordate at the base: petals orbiculate, every shade 

 from white through pink and red to purple, but not yel- 

 low or blue: capsule obovate, stalked, with a flat disk. 

 Greece, Orient. Gn. 9, p. 197. Gt. 40, p. 609; 44, p. 

 593. R.H. 1893. p. 349. S.H. 2:272. 



Among the double forms there are two main strains 

 or types, the carnation-fld. and the paeony-fld. (the lat- 

 ter P. pceoniceflbrum, Hort.). The former has fringed 



petals; the latter not. Both include a wide range of 

 color, and even a yellow form is advertised, but this 

 form is of doubtful authenticity. P. Murselli is an- 

 other strain of double fringed kinds, of which Mikado 

 is a favorite. P. fimbriatum is another trade name for 

 double fringed varieties. P. cardinale is not a botanical 

 name. It is the French name of Cardinal, another strain 

 of double fringed fls. Chinese Poppies are a double-fld. 

 race introduced from Chinese gardens in the early nine- 

 ties and comprising dwarf er than strains previously 

 known. R.H. 1893, p. 349. An exceptionally interesting 

 monstrosity has occurred in which there are no petals, 

 and the stamens are supposed to be transformed into 

 pistils which actually ripen seed. It was figured as long 

 ago as 1851 in F.S. 6, p. 242 and again in R.H. 1893, 

 p. 349. It seems to be no longer advertised, but it was 

 considered constant. 



Among the single varieties, Danebrog is one of the 

 most striking and popular. The white spots at the base 

 of the petals form a cross. This var. is also known as 

 Danish Cross, Danish Flag and Victorian Cross. Of the 

 pure white kinds, Flag of Truce and The Bride are favor- 

 ites. Mephisto is scarlet, spotted black. About a dozen 

 other varieties are advertised by name. 



Var. setigerum (P. setigerum, DC.). P. setigerum is 

 no longer advertised, but according to Nicholson numer- 

 ous fine strains have originated from it. P. setigerum 

 is now considered a hairy form of P. somniferum. It is 

 a violet-fld. plant native to Corsica and Hyeres. It dif- 

 fers in having oblong Ivs. which are incised-toothed, the 

 teeth being narrower and more pointed; also the cap- 

 sule is not stalked, as it sometimes is in P. somniferum. 

 S.B.F.G. 172. 



2. orientale, Linn. ORIENTAL POPPY. Fig. 1637-8. This 

 and the next are the most robust and large-fld. Poppies; 

 also the best, commonest and longest lived of the per- 

 ennials. Plants grow 3-4 ft. high and bear fls. 6 in. or 

 more across. Lvs. hispid, pinnately parted; lobes ob- 

 long-lanceolate, serrate: capsule obovate, with a flat 

 disk: Stigmatic rays 11-15. In P. orientale the petals 

 are originally scarlet with a black spot. It was not until 

 late in the eighties that this species made a decided 

 break in color. A considerable class of hybrids with P. 

 bracteatum has arisen which extends the color range 

 through several shades of red to orange, salmon and 

 pale pink. Some are unspotted, some are adapted to 

 cutting, and doubling has made some progress. Among 

 the Latin names of varieties belonging to this class are 

 grandifldrum, hybridum, immaculatum, nanum, splen- 

 dens, Parkmanni, plenum, semiplenum, and Sintenisii. 

 About a dozen have received common or personal names. 

 Asia Minor. Persia. Gn. 24, p. 459; 42:890. V. 12:33.- 

 T. D. Hatfield makes the following notes: "Oriental 

 Poppies are better divided after blooming, in late July 

 or August. They always grow in the autumn, and these 

 divided plants would start away and make good growth. 

 If divided in spring, they would not recover in time to 

 bloom. Any extra good variety can be increased largely 

 by cutting the roots into short pieces. This also is best 

 done in the summer time." 



3. bracteatum, Lindl. (P. orientale, var. bracteatum). 

 Differs from the preceding in having large, leafy bracts. 

 According to Boissier the color of this species in the 

 wild is blood-red and of P. orientale scarlet. Also the 

 fls. of P. bracteatum are said to be earlier, the Ivs. con- 

 cave instead of flat and the stigmatic rays 16-18 instead 

 of 11-15. Caucasus, Persia. B.R. 8:658. G.C. 1860:647. 

 A variety with petals more or less united into one was 

 mentioned in 1862-5 in F.S. 15, p. 186, but it seems to be 

 unknown now. Vars. hybridum, Parkmanni, praecox and 

 roseum are advertised. See also species No. 2. P. in- 

 volucratum, var. maximum, Haage & Schmidt, seems 

 to be a new and undescribed kind. The name suggests 

 that it may belong here. 



4. BhoBas, Linn. CORN POPPY. This is typically 

 a dwarf, green, bristly plant, with pinnately parted 

 foliage and fls. about 2 in. across, two of the petals 

 smaller than the others, all scarlet and spotted black. 

 Height 2 ft. or less. In cultivation every shade known 

 to the Opium Poppy has been reproduced in the Corn 

 Poppy, but the fls. are always smaller. In the wild it 

 varies greatly, the foliage once or twice pinnately 



