1208 



PAPAVER 



PAPAVER 



Earted, the bristles many or few, appressed or spread- 

 ig, the fls. spotted or not. Eu., Orient. Gn. 30, p. 297. 

 Up to 1886 the French Poppies were considered the best 

 strain. Since then the lovely strain known as Shirley 

 Poppies has surpassed all others. This strain was de- 

 veloped by the Rev. W. Wilks, secretary of the Royal 

 Horticultural Society. It is one of the finest contribu- 

 tions to floriculture ever made by an amateur (see p. 

 1206). Var. ranunculifldrum, Hort., is a strain with 



1638, Oriental Poppy. Papaver orientale (X 



double fls. in various colors, self and variegated, with 

 the petals entire, rounded and somewhat reflexed. Var. 

 Jap6nicum, Hort., is a strain introduced about 1893 from 

 Japanese gardens, and said to have smaller and fuller 

 fls. than ordinary and of more varied shades. They are 

 called Japanese or Japanese Pompons. Rhoeas was the 

 name used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for the 

 Corn Poppy. 



Var. umbrdsum, Mottet(P.wm&rdswm, Hort.) , is a plant 

 with petals of a darker red than the typical P. Bhoeas 

 and blackish spots. It was introduced by Vilmorin 

 about 1891, and was considered a marked gain in pro- 

 ductiveness. The habit is dwarf, compact, much 

 branched. Soon after a double form was distributed. 

 Mottet considers it a form of P. Hhoeas, but some bot- 

 anists consider it a form of P. commutatum. Judging 

 from a single trade specimen, the undersigned supposes 

 it is a nearly glabrous form of P. JRhoeas ; the buds are 

 bristly, but otherwise the plant has only a very few 

 appressed hairs on the peduncles and on the Ivs. along 

 the midribs. P. umbrosum was found growing wild in 

 Attica. P. commutatum is a species closely allied to 

 P. Rhoeas , and differs in having the petals obovate 

 and not overlapping instead of orbicular and overlap- 

 ping, while the anthers are ovate instead of oblong. 

 R.H. 1891, p. 431; 1893:12; 1893, p. 350. G.C. II. 22:49. 

 V. 9:187. 



Var. Hodkeri (P. ffodkeri, Baker). A puzzling plant 

 found in the gardens of India, and of unknown parent- 

 age. It is nearest to P. Rhwas, and "differs in its great 

 size, for it forms a bushy herb 4 ft. high and upwards, 

 and in the great number of the stigmatic rays, which 



are 12-20, i.e., nearly double those of P. Rhwas; the 

 fls., capsule and seeds also are much larger and the 

 stigma broader in proportion." The tts. attain 3% in. 

 in diam., and vary from pale rose to bright crimson, 

 with a white or black spot at the base. B.M. 6729. Gn. 

 29, p. 139. G.C. II. 25:9. Procurable from England. 

 Said to revert occasionally to P. Hhoeas. 



5. mpifragum, var. Atlanticum, Ball (P. Atldnticum, 

 Haage & Schmidt). Hoary and everywhere covered with 

 copious spreading hairs except the glabrous capsule: 

 height 1-2 ft.: Ivs. oblanceolate ; hairs spreading: fls. 

 2-3 in. across; petals orange-red or scarlet; stigmatic 

 rays 6-8: capsule club-shaped. Morocco, 6,000-7,000 ft. 

 B.M. 7107. 



6. Caucasicum, Bieb. (P. floriMndum, Desf.). Bien- 

 nial, more or less setose: Ivs. bipinnately parted or dis- 

 sected: buds ovate: calyx glabrous or sparsely setose: 

 petals somewhat in pairs : stigmatic rays 3-6. Caucasus. 

 B.M. 1675 (brick-red, not spotted). B.R. 2:134. 



7. arenarium, Bieb. Annual, sparingly beset with 

 bristles which are spreading on the stem and appressed 

 on the foliage: Ivs. twice pinnatisect into minute linear 

 strips : fls. purple, with a dark spot at the base of each 

 petal; filaments not dilated: capsule obovate or top- 

 shaped, with a convex disk: stigmatic rays 7-9. Sandj 

 places in Caucasus and Caspian region. Procurable in 

 England. 



8. laevigatum, Bieb. Glabrous or with a few smai: 

 bristles: fls. purple, usually spotted; petals minute, 

 obovate: capsule narrowly top-shaped or club-shaped: 

 stigmatic rays 8-10. Greece, Orient. It is doubtfu 

 whether the plant sold under this name is true, for ii 

 G.C. III. 5:21 it is shown with large, roundish, over 

 lapping petals. 



9. Calif ornicum, Gray. Annual, sparsely pilose-pubes 

 cent, 1-2% ft. high: Ivs. pinnately parted or dividec 

 into acutish toothed or 3-lobed or entire segments : fls 

 2 in. across; petals brick-red, with a green spot at th< 

 base bordered with rose-red : capsule between club- anc 

 top-shaped, flat on top. Santa Inez Mountains and north 

 ward in California. Offered in 1891 by Peter Henderson 

 who described it as "pinkish orange with center of sul 

 phur-yellow." Probably procurable from Calif. 



10. mpifragum, Boiss. & Reut. Dull green, nearlj 

 glabrous. Spain. The typical form offered in England 

 See No. 5. 



11. glaucum, Boiss. & Hausskn. TULIP POPPY. Per 

 ennial, glaucous and glabrous except a few small, ap 

 pressed bristles along the peduncles, branched at th< 

 base: stem-lvs. broadly cordate at the base, pinnatelj 

 lobed or parted; the lobes triangular, dentate; the teetl 

 obtuse, callous, muticous: petals large, scarlet, spottec 

 at the base: capsule ovate, stalked : stigmatic rays abou 

 12. Syria. Gt. 40, p. 608, repeated in G.C. III. 10:527 

 R.B. 20, p. 58. S.H. 2:467 and V. 15:37. R.H. 1892, p 

 463; 1893, p. 350. Int. 1891 by Benary, of Erfurt. -Th( 

 charming plant sold under this name reminds one im 

 mediately of a tulip because of the color and texture oj 

 the flower, but especially because of its cup-like shape 

 The two inner petals are smaller, erect, and make a loose 

 cup. The plants grow about 12-14 in. high and produc( 

 50-60 large fls. 



12. aculeatum, Thunb. (P. Garieplnum, Burch. P 

 hdrridiim, DC.). Annual, 1-4 ft. high: stem branched 

 densely covered with spreading, rigid, unequal bristles 

 Ivs. green, sinuately pinnatifid, the laciniations spine 

 tipped: fls. scarcely 2 in. across; petals scarlet-orange 

 unspotted: capsule glabrous, oblong-obovate. S.Africa 

 Australia. B.M. 3623. The only Poppy known to in 

 habit the southern hemisphere. Procurable in England 

 Annual in S. Africa, but said to be biennial in northeri 

 botanic gardens. 



13. pildsum, Sibth. and Sm. Perennial. This flower ii 

 about 3 in. across, brick-red, the petals all of a size anc 

 with a pale spot at the base: stems tall and scabrous 

 freely branched : Ivs. covered with velvety, appressec 

 hairs; stem-lvs. clasping, broadly oblong, lobed anc 

 serrate: capsule glabrous, oblong-club-shaped : stigmatic 

 rays 6-7. Rocky alpine heights of Mt. Olympus ir 

 Bithvnia. B.M. 4749. Gn. 41, p. 277; 42, p. 585. 



