1210 



1-APH1OPED1LUM 



PARASITE 



bud. Pfltzer writes in Engler& Prantl's Pflahzenfamilien 

 that the "ovary is completely 3-loculed, or 1-loculed be- 

 low and only the tip divided into 3 locules." The species 

 have not been revised and will be found under Cypripe- 

 dium and Selenipedium. 



P. barbdtum, Pfitz. (Cypripedium barbatum, Lindl.). P. 

 Boxalli, Pfitz. (Cypripedium Boxalli, Reichb. f.). P. cauda- 

 tum, Pfitz. (Selenipedium caudatum, Reichb. f.). 



HEINRICH HASSELBRING. 



PAPPOOSE BOOT or BLUE COHOSH is Caulophyllnm 

 thalictroides , a native plant that does not appear to be 

 in the general trade. 



PAPYRUS antiquorum (Fig. 1640), the Egyptian 

 Paper-plant, is Cyperus Papyrus, which see for tech- 

 nical description. It is a tall-growing, graceful aquatic, 

 bearing an umbel of long and slender branchlets. It 

 does not endure frost. It is much used for bedding out 

 about ponds in the summer. The plants for bedding are 



1640. Papyrus antiquorum. 



propagated in January and February, by division of the 

 roots that were brought in from the open in autumn. 

 The plants are kept quiet until the roots are divided. 

 The roots are divided into small pieces, and the divi- 

 sions are started in a warm sand propagating bed. As 

 the plants grow, they are potted. By late spring the 

 plants should be ready for use in shallow pools in the 

 P en - L. H. B. 



PARACHUTE FLOWER, adv. by Blanc, 1900, is Cero- 

 pegia Sdndersoni, Decaisne, from So. Africa. Asclepia- 

 dacece. It is a tall-twining plant with fls. of most un- 

 usual shape and structure. It is figured in B.M. 5792, 

 from which the following extracts are taken: "Stems 

 stout, succulent, as thick as a goose-quill. . . . Lvs. 

 small and distant for the size of the plan^ shortly 

 stoutly petioled, l/^-2K in. long, ovate-cordate, obtuse, 

 thick and succulent, nerveless, deep green like the 



stems. . . . Corolla 2% in. long, curved at the base, 

 tube 2 in. broad across the top; tube slightly inflated 

 and green at the base, expanding into a funnel-shaped, 

 5-angled transparent limb with opaque green reticulated 

 veins; this presents 5 short distant lobes on its margin, 

 which bears the 5 curious horizontal appendages that 

 togetner form the umbraculiform cap to the" flower: this 

 cap is a bright verdigris-green, pitted on the surface 

 and formed of 5 confluent convex lobes with a conical 

 central papilla; each lobe is 2-lobed at its outer margin, 

 and the margins are turned up and bear a series of 

 transparent, flat, erect hairs within the border." 



Ceropegia contains about 80 species, mostly African. 

 Several species are known in European collections, but 

 when the first volume of this Cyclopedia was written 

 none had been'offered in the American trade. Some of 

 them are bulbous-rooted. They demand a warm or in- 

 termediate house, and are propagated by cuttings of 

 the stems. All the species are odd. L. fj. B. 



PARADISEA (said to be from Paradise, of which this 

 plant is supposed to be a fit inhabitant). Often written 

 Paradisia. ST. BRUNO'S LILY. Liliacece. St. Bruno's 

 Lily and St. Bernard's Lily are advertised in nearly 

 every good-sized catalogue of hardy herbaceous plants, 

 as Anthericum Liliastrum and Anthericum Liliago, 

 but the former should be called Paradisea Liliastrum. 

 Both these plants have white, lily-like fls., borne in 

 early summer on scapes a foot or more high. The fls. of 

 both are tipped green outside. The Ivs. are linear, all 

 radical, and a foot or so long. Both plants are natives 

 of middle Europe, and by their popular names recall 

 the life-saving monks of the Alps. It is no wonder, 

 then, that they are often confused. The Paradisea has 

 larger fls., which are funnel-shaped rather than rotate, 

 but the fundamental differences upon which Paradisea 

 is made a separate genus lie in the stamens. In Para- 

 disea (according to Bentham & Hooker), the anthers 

 are attached at the middle of the back and are versatile; 

 in Anthericum the anthers are attached at their base 

 and are erect. Moreover, the stamens of Paradisea 

 are hypogynous ; of Anthericum, perigynous. Following 

 are some of the other differences as given by Baker in 

 Journ. Linn. Soc. 15:286, 287, 301 (1877): 



Paradisea Liliastrum^ Bertol., has 6-8 Ivs. : scape 12- 

 24 in. high: raceme 2-lO-fld. : bracts lanceolate: perianth 

 18-21 lines long: style 15-18 lines long; ovary and cap- 

 sule oblong. 



Anthericum Liliago, Linn., has 12-20 Ivs. : scape 6-15 

 in. high: raceme (sometimes panicled) 10-20-fld. : bracts 

 linear: perianth 6-9 lines long: style 5-6 lines long: 

 ovary and capsule globose. Some of the above char 

 acters will not hold for cultivated plants. 



P. Liliastrum, var. major, Hort., is said to be a much 

 larger and better form than the type, growing 2-3 ft. 

 high and bearing more and larger fls. Gn. 9:1 (as An- 

 thericum Liliastrum var.) has fls. 2 in. long and 2% in. 

 across. w M. 



PARADISE FLOWER. Strelitzia reghicc. 



PARAGUAY TEA. 



Amer. trade. 



Ilex Paraguariensis, not in the 



PARA NUT. Bertholletia. 



PARASITE. A parasitic plant is one which fastens 

 itself upon another plant (or other organism), and, 

 stimulated by the latter, either grows into its interior, 

 or sends certain sucking organs into its tissues by means 

 of which a part or all the nourishment necessary for. the 

 Parasite is obtained. A plant which lives upon dead 

 organic substance is termed a saprophyte (which see). 

 The most common Parasites are to be found among the 

 fungi, which are the abundant causes of plant diseases, 

 such as rusts, .smuts, and mildews. These fungous 

 Parasites secure all of their nourishment from the host, 

 or plant attacked, and most commonly grow within the 

 tissues until ready to form their reproductive bodies, .or 

 spores. There are also Parasites among flowering 

 plants. Of these there are two principal classes: (1) 

 those green in color, or chlorophyll-containing^ such as 

 the mistletoe and the bastard toad-flax; and (2) those 

 practically devoid of chlorophyll, such as the dodder 



