1216 



PARK 



PARKINSONIA 



direct from the board, are employed an engineer, local 

 superintendents, gardeners, foremen, etc. The engineer 

 is generally an assistant of the city engineer, assigned 

 temporarily to park work. When new parks are to be 

 acquired or plans are to be made for their development, 

 a professional landscape architect is employed to advise 



1646. A park-like effect in a private garden. 



the board and to make plans, and is usuallj T retained at 

 least in a consulting capacity during the period of con- 

 struction. Some large cities retain a consulting land- 

 scape architect permanently to advise them with regard 

 to questions of improvement and maintenance affecting 

 the design of the parks. 



Statistics. Reliable statistics of parks are almost 

 unattainable. The accompanying incomplete compila- 

 tion (see foot of page) was made in 1897 by the secre- 

 tary of the Louisville Park Commission. Some items 

 are corrected to 1900. 



.Bibliography. "Park" in American Cyclopedia, En- 

 cyclopedia Americana, Johnson's Cyclopedia ; Park 

 Reports of the various cities, especially New York, 



1857-1868, special report accompanying plan of Central 

 Park, 1858; Brooklyn, 1867-1873, special report accom- 

 panying plan of Prospect Park, 1866; Boston, 1879, 1880, 

 1885, city document 125 of 1880; Boston, Metropolitan 

 District, 1893 ; Buffalo, 1871, 1886, 1888; Chicago, report 

 on plan of South Park, 1871 ; Montreal, report on 

 Mount Royal, with plan, 1881. See Pro- 

 ceedings American Social Science Asso- 

 ciation, 1870, 1880 ; "Mass. Park Law," 

 state printers, 1894 ; Proc. Amer. Park 

 and Outdoor Arts Assoc. 



F. L. OLMSTED, Jr. 



PARKINSONIA (John Parkinson, 1567- 

 1629, London apothecary, author of the de- 

 lightful Paradisus Terrestris and Thea- 

 trum Botanicum). Leguminbsce . Seven 

 or 8 species of tropical trees or shrubs, 

 often armed with short spines: Ivs. bi- 

 pinnate, with 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae; the 

 common petiole short, often obsolete or 

 spinescent; stipules minute or none: fls. 

 yellow or whitish, on slender pedicels in 

 short, loose axillary or terminal racemes; 

 calyx 5-parted, produced at base and 

 jointed upon the pedicel; petals 5, clawed, 

 the upper one within and broader than the 

 rest, somewhat cordate, the claw pubes- 

 cent and nectariferous on the inner side ; 

 stamens 10, free, the upper one gibbous 

 outside: ovary several -ovuled, shortly 

 stipitate : pod compressed, 2-valved, lin- 

 ear to linear-oblong, more or less twisted : seeds com- 

 pressed, albuminous. Bot. Calif. 1:161. 



The dominant type, both in the wild and in cult., is 

 P. aculeata, the Jerusalem Thorn, which is probably a 

 native of America, but is naturalized or cult, in all tropi- 

 cal countries. Another species is S. African, 3 are 

 S. American, and the rest belong to the region between 

 Texas and S. Calif. P. aculeata is a thorny evergreen 

 tree with feathery drooping branches and handsome yel- 

 low fls. ; it is admirable for hedges, thrives in the driest 

 places and can endure some cold. It has been cult, in 

 European conservatories, being usually raised from im- 

 ported seeds, but it is of difficult culture. P. Torreyana, 

 though generally destitute of Ivs., is known in northern 



Name of City. 



No. large 

 parks. 



Other Total 



Acreage. spaces. Acreage. Acreage. 



Albany, N. Y ........................ 3 280 8 15 295 



Baltimore. Md ...................... 9 1,100 20 37 1,137 



SBoston, Mass., proper ............... 9 1,894 28 465.57 2,359.57 



gBoston Metropolitan- Reservations. 13 9,279.46) 



Parkways ........................ 7 17.1M \ 



gBuffalo ............................... 6 955 20 70.5 1,025.5 



Cambridge. Mass .................... 1 137 2 21 158 



Chicago, 111 ......................... 9 2,097 23 497 2,594 



Cincinnati, Ohio .................... 6 400 400 



Cleveland, Ohio ..................... 8 1,178 8 36 1,214 



Des Moines, Iowa ................... 4 400 35 405 



Denver, Colo ....................... 9 520 2 20 530 



Duluth, Minn ....................... 4 400 10 25 425 



gEssex County, N. J .................. 3 969.7 3 83.43 1,053.13 



Hartford, Conn ..................... 6 1,060 9 7 1,067 



Indianapolis, Ind .................... 1 89 2 27 116 



Kansas City, Mo .................... 3 1,338 1,338 



Lo parkw e a y Ky ::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 1)055 } 11} l > m 



Milwaukee, Wis'. !.'.'.'!.'.*.*.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." 7 400 9 61 461 



Mi B n ol a ievar s ds M ! nn ::::::::::::::::" "} l - m 25 40 1 - 54 



New York City'p'ark System '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5,190 



Borough of Brooklyn ............ 2 1,052 29 523 1,575 



Omaha, Neb ........................ 6 550 3 2 552 



Peoria, 111 ........................... 4 322 3 12 334 



Pittsburgh, Pa ...................... 1 767 767 



Philadelphia, Pa .................... 1 3,300 22 318 3,618 



Richmond, Va ....................... 4 354 9 31 385 



St. Louis, Mo ....................... 10 2,134 10 43 2,177 



St. Paul, Minn ...................... 2 802 44 87 889 



San Francisco, Cal .................. 3 1,090 14 224 1,314 



Springfield, Mass .................... 1 1,463 24 20 483 



Toledo, Ohio ........................ 8 695 17 5 



Washington. D. C .................... 18 328 283 76 404 



Wilmington, Del .................... 3 239.49 10 29.69 269.18 



Total appropria 

 (ion and cost. 



$2,135,700 

 10,000,000 

 16,627,033 

 Q -._ , OQ , 

 9,545,5281 



4,971,769 



1,021,500 



29,561,660 



2,000,000 



2,000,000 



116,000 



387,608 



550,000 



1,500,000 



290,000* 

 100,000 ** 



1,140,000 



2,750,000 



50,000,000 

 30,000,000 



750,000 



350,000 

 3,000,000 

 6,250,000 



132,000 

 5,100,000 



296,415*** 

 3,744,605 



169,000 



625,000 

 4,495,237 



422,351.46 



Population. 

 100,000 

 600,000 

 530,000 



350,000 



81,650 



1,800,000 



300,000 



350,000 

 75,000 



150,000 

 67,000 



70,000 

 183,000 

 160,000 



215 ' 500 



300,000 



200,000 



2,000,000 



1,300,000 



140,000 



60,000 



290,000 



1,250,000 



100,000 



638,000 



133,200 



360,000 



50,000 



125,000 



277,000 



70,000 



No. in- 

 Cost habitants 

 per capita, per acre. 



$21 35 339 



16 66 527 



31 37 224 



1143 

 1251 

 1642 

 666 

 571 

 155 

 258 

 820 



158 

 063 



466 

 380 

 1375 



2500 



2307 



535 



583 



1035 



500 



1040 

 338 

 500 



1622 

 603 



516 

 694 

 750 

 288 

 185 

 278 

 158 



65 



1,578 

 119 



194 

 651 

 130 



254 

 180 

 378 

 345 



174 

 274 

 104 



| Figures corrected to 1900. 



T Includes maintenance 7 years. 



* Condemnation on hand for more land. 

 ** Condemnation. 



*** Maintenance. 



