PHYTKOIA 



PHYTEUMA 



1329 



soil in either border or rockery. A very critical review 

 of Phyteumas from the garden standpoint is given 

 by D. K." in Gn. 28, pp. 91, 92 (1885), from which 

 the following points are abstracted. The smallest 

 species, as P. linmile and pauciflorum, should be 

 planted by themselves or with other very dwarf alpines, 

 so that they will not be smothered by taller and coarser 

 subjects. The tallest, most robust and easiest species 

 is P. campanuloides, large clumps of which attain 3 ft. 

 in diam. and grow 2 ft. high. Such a clump makes a 

 fine centerpiece for a flower-bed and blooms through July 

 and Aug. Similar to it but inferior is P. limonifolium, 

 with lighter blue fls. Both have oblong inflorescences, 

 as also do P. Halleri and P, spicatum; the former 

 growing a foot high in dry, sunny spots in a south- 

 ern border, the latter attaining 1% ft. on sunny rock- 

 work. 



At the other extreme as regards habit, ease of culture 

 and style of inflorescence, is P. comosum, which in 

 rockeries requires renewal every few years. A stock 

 should therefore be constantly kept in pots. In the 

 rockery it likes a shady position and in winter the crown 

 should be covered with coarse sand; water freely from 

 the time growth starts until flowering begins. Treated 

 as a pot-plant it is more easily managed; use light soil 

 well mixed with pieces of sandstone about the size of 

 marbles and wedge the roots tightly between very hard 

 stone ; plunge the pots in cool material and give partial 

 shade. 



Of the other round-clustered types the following are 

 very much alike: P. orbiculare, Scheuchzeri, Charmelii 

 and Michelii. P. hemisphcericum thrives best in dry, 

 stony places, particularly in the cracks of a crumbling 

 brick wall, or on a steep slope with a southern exposure. 

 It grows 1-6 in. high. 



The botanical account following is mainly derived 

 from DC. Prod. 7:450 and Koch, Syn. Flor. Germ. ed. 

 III. 2:402. DeCandolle adopts the 3 sections made by 

 G. Don, of which Section SYNOTOMA contains only the 

 unique P. comosum. Section II, HEDBANTHUM, and 

 Section III, PODANTHUM, are distinguished by the pores 

 of the capsule, which are always 3 in the latter and 

 situated near the apex, while in the former they may be 

 2 or 3 and situated near the middle. To Section III 

 belong species 1, 7 and 8; to Section II belong all the 

 others except P. comosum. 



A. In florescence a raceme or pan- 



1. 



canescens 

 comosum 



AA. Inflorescence an umbel ...... 2. 



4AA. Inflorescence a spike. 



B. Fruiting spikes long and 



narrow, cylindrical. 

 C. Flowering spikes round- 



ish or oval. 

 D. Stigmas 2. 



E. Root -Ivs. long- 



stalked ........... 3. scorzonerifolium 



EE. Root-lv s , short- 



stalked. ....... 4. Michelii 



DD Stigmas 3 ............ 5. betonicaefolium 



cc. flowering spikes oblong 



or nearly so. 

 D. Spikes dense. 



Color of fls. whitish 

 or yellowish, 



greenish at tip 



EE. Color of fls. dark- 

 violet, rarely 



white 7. 



DD. Spikes loose 



E. Fls. light blue: stem 



branched 8. 



EE. Fls. dark violet: 



stem not branched. 9. 



spicatum 

 Halleri 



limonifolium 

 campanuloides 



JB. Fruiting sjtikes little elon- 

 gated, merely oval. 



c. No. of fls. about 5 10. pauciflorum 



cc. No. of fls. about 12 11. globulariaefolium 



D. Cpper Ivs. entire 12. hemisphaericum 



DD. Upper Ivs. remotely 



denticulate 13. humile 



DDD. Upper Ivs. crenate 14. Sieberi 



ccc. No. of fls. 15 or more. 

 D. Bracts u-ith an ovate 



base 15. orbiculare 



DD. Bracts linear. 



E. Height % ft 16. Charmelii 



EE. Height 1 ft 17. Scheuchzeri 



1792. Two other types of inflorescence in Phyteuma (X K). 

 The loose-spiked P. limonifolium and the denser P. scorzoneri- 

 folium. 



1. canescens, Waldst. & Kit. (Campanula Americana, 

 Hort., not Linn.). Scabrous: stem unbranched: Ivs. 

 sessile ; lower ones ovate, crenate-serrate, narrowed 

 at base; upper ones nearly entire: fls. blue, short-pe- 

 duncled, solitary, sparse. Hungary, Caucasus. 



2. comosum, Linn. Fig. 1791. The only species in the 

 genus with umbellate inflorescence, and in which the 

 corollas are not finally split at the apex. A decumbent, 

 unbranched, glabrous plant native to the Alps: fls. pale 

 lilac below, darker purple above. B.M. 6478. G.C. II. 

 14 : 177. Gn. 18, p. 245, copied in Gn. 28, p. 91 ; 44, p. 554, 

 and R.H. 1882, p. 452. G.C. II. 26:81, copied in I.H. 

 34:11. 



3. scorzonerifolium, Vill. Fig. 1792. This and P. 

 betonicce.folium should probably be regarded as botani- 

 cal varieties of P. Michelii. but for clearness and for 



