1334 



PICEA 



PICEA 



7. rubra, Link (P. acutissima,3. G. Jack. P. rubens, 

 Sarg.). RED SPRUCE. Tree, to 80 ft. or occasionally 

 to 100 ft., with short and slender branches forming a 

 narrow pyramidal head, with red-brown bark : young 

 branches reddish brown: Ivs. quadrangular, acute or 

 mucronate, dark or bright green, shining, about % in. 

 long : fls. purple : cones oblong, l%-2 in. long, light 

 reddish brown, glossy; scales obovate, rounded and en- 

 tire or slightly erose at the margin. From Canada to 

 N. C., along the Allegheny Mts. S.S. 12:597. -Hand- 

 some tree, but requires cool and moist situation and is 

 less drought-enduring than most others. 



8. nigra, Link (P. Maritina, Britt., Sterns & Pogg.). 

 Fig. 1799. Tree, usually to 20-30 ft. or occasionally to 

 100 ft., with slender, often pendulous branches forming 

 a narrow, irregular head: bark gray -brown: young 



1797. Shedding of the leaves of Norway Spruce. 



brown and glossy, l%-2 in. long; scales orbicular, with 

 usually entire margin, thin and flexible. From Labra- 

 dor to Alaska, south to Mont., Minn, and N. Y. S S 

 12:598. G.F. 8:223; 9:355. F.S. 21:2251. -A decorative 

 species of dense habit when young and with rather light 

 bluish green foliage ; it endures heat and drought much 

 better than the two preceding species. The most im- 

 portant garden form is var. caerulea, Carr. (var. argtntea 

 and var. glauca, Hort. Abies rubra, var. violacea, 

 Loud.). Of dense habit, with light bluish green or 

 almost silvery gray foliage. Var. aurea, Beissn., has 

 yellow foliage. Var. nana, Loud. Dwarf, forming a 

 dense round bush. Var. pendula, Beissn. With pendu- 

 lous branches. 



10. Engelmanni, Engelm. (Abies commutata, Murr. ). 

 Tree, to 150 ft., with slender spreading branches in 

 closely arranged whorls, forming a 

 dense and narrow pyramid in young 

 trees : winter-buds with brownish 

 yellow usually appressed or little 

 spreading scales: young branches 

 pale brownish yellow, pubescent: 

 Ivs. slender, straight or slightly 

 incurved, acute, bluish green to 

 steel-blue, K-l in. long, without 

 resin canals, of a strong aromatic 

 odor when bruised: fls. purple: 

 cones oval- to cylindric - oblong, 

 light brown, l%-3 in. long; scales 

 rhomboidal, narrowed and truncate 

 or rarely acute at the apex. From 

 Alberta and Brit. Col. to Ariz, and 

 N. M. S.S. 12:599. -A very orna- 

 mental tree, varying in the color 

 of foliage. Var. glauca, Hort., has 

 bluish or steel-blue, and var. ar- 

 gentea, Hort., silvery gray foliage. 

 P. psendopuugens, Dieck, seems 

 not to differ from typical P. Engel- 

 manni. P. Enqelmanni is said to 

 be sold for P. pungens. It is more 

 common, and its seeds are there- 

 fore more readily secured. 



The picture shows the extremities of a limb that is eight years old. The part 

 between the tip and A is last season's growth; between A and B it is two years old ; 

 and beyond B is a part that grew three seasons ago. The section beyond C is six 

 years old; from C to D is seven years of age. The four years' growth of this limb 

 not shown in the drawing was as densely covered with foliage as is the part shown in 

 the upper figure; but there are not many leaves between C and D (seven years old) 

 and none on the eight-year-old wood (except those on the branchlets, and these are 

 younger). This shows that the leaves persisted six or seven years. 



branches brown or yellowish brown: Ivs. quadrangular, 

 obtusish, dull dark or bluish green, bloomy especially on 

 the upper side, %-% in. long : fls. purple: cones oval- 

 oblong, globose-ovate when open, dull grayish brown, 

 %-l% in. long ; scales rounded and finely denticulate 

 at the margin. From Can. to Va., Minn, and Brit. Col. 

 S.S. 12:596. Very variable in habit; cone-bearing trees 

 often only a few ft. high when growing in swamps. The 

 most ornamental garden form is var. Doumetti, Carr., 

 with ascending crowded branches forming a dense conical 

 pyramid. A similar form, somewhat broader at the base 

 and with more light bluish green foliage, is var. Mari- 

 ana, Beissn. G.C. III. 11:80. Var. brevifdlia, Rehd. 

 (P. brevifdlia, Peck). Fig. 1794. Small tree, with short 

 spreading branches forming an irregular and narrow 

 head: Ivs. usually %-% in. long, bluish green: cones 

 %-l in., seeds 1-12 in. long. Of little ornamental value. 

 V. 23:291. A.G. 23: 201, 203. Var. virgata, Rehd., is 

 a sparingly branched form with long and slender 

 branches destitute of branchlets, very similar to P. 

 cxcelsa, var. virgata. G.F. 8:45. Var. pumila, Hort., is 

 a dwarf, compact, cushion-like form of very dark green 

 color. 



9. alba, Link (P. Canadtnsis, Britt., Sterns & Pogg.). 

 Fig. 1794. Tree, usually 60-70, sometimes to 150 ft., 

 with ascendent branches and usually pendent branch- 

 lets : bark light brownish gray: Ivs. slightly curved, 

 acute or acutish, more or less bluish green, %-% in. 

 long, of a strong, aromatic odor when bruised : fls. 

 pale red or yellowish : cones cylindric-oblong, light 



11. pungens, Engelm. (P. Par- 

 ry ana, Sarg. Abies M6nziesi, 

 Engelm., not Lindl.). Fig. 1794, 

 1798. Tree, 80-100, or occasionally 

 to 150 ft., with horizontal stout 

 branches in rather remote whorls, 

 forming a broad, regular pyramid: 

 winter-buds with brownish yellow 

 usually reflexed scales : young 



branches glabrous, bright yellowish brown: Ivs. rigid, 

 incurved, spiny - acuminate, bluish green to silvery 

 white or rarely dull green, % to one and one-fifth in. 

 long, with 2 resin canals: cones cylindric-oblong, light 

 brown and glossy, 2%-4 in. long; scales rhomboidal, 

 narrowed and erose at the apex. Wyo. to Colo, and 

 Utah. S.S. 12:600. G.C. II. 20:725; III. 10:547. Mn. 7, 

 p. 51. Gng. 7:49. S.H. 2:273. F. 1884, p. 5. G.M. 40:35. 

 A very handsome and very hardy tree of symmetrical 

 habit, with light, sometimes almost silvery white foli- 

 age. According to the different shades of color of the 

 foliage, vars. argentea, coerulea and glauca, Hort., are 

 distinguished. Var.viridis, Regel (P. commutata, Hort.), 

 is the form with green Ivs. A dwarf compact form of 

 this species originated about 10 years ago at the Arnold 

 Arboretrum. 



12. SitchSnsis, Carr. (Abies Mtnziesi, Lindl.). TIDE- 

 LAND SPRUCE. SITKA SPRUCE. Tree, usually 100 ft., oc- 

 casionally 200 ft. high, with slender horizontal branches, 

 forming a broad pyramid in young trees ; in old trees 

 the upper branches short and ascending, the lower ones 

 slender and spreading, clothed with slender branchlets : 

 bark bright or dark red-brown : young branches rigid, 

 light brownish yellow, glabrous : Ivs. bright green, 

 shining and rounded on the lower side, flat, slightly 

 ridged and silvery white on the upper side, sharply 

 acute or acuminate, %-l in. long: staminate fls. red: 

 cones cylindric-oval, pale yellowish or reddish brown, 

 2%-4 in. long; scales rounded at the apex and erose. 

 Alaska to Calif. G.C. II. 25:728, 729. S.S. 12:602. G.F. 



