1394 



POLYGONUM 



POLYPODIUM 



long, soft dull green, the blade oval-oblong, l%-2 times 

 as long as broad, shallow-cordate at base, scarcely 

 pointed, the prominent side veins uniting by the ends: 

 fls. greenish, in relatively small axillary clusters, the 

 akene trigonous. Island of Sachalin, north of Japan, in 

 Russian territory. B.M. 6540. R.H. 1876, p. 36; 1893, 

 pp. 394, 395; 1894, p. 55. Gn. 21, p. 280. G.C. II. 26:813 



1881. Sacaline Polygonum Sachalinense (X /). 



and III. 14:159 (in fr.). G.M. 31:176. V. 17:161. -Re- 

 cently introduced (in N. Amer. in 1894) for forage and 

 for ornament. It is inveterately persistent when once 

 established, and may easily become a pest. For forage 

 it has little merit where other things can be grown, for 

 it is too coarse. For planting in rough places, where a 

 thick cover is required, it is one of the best of all her- 

 baceous perennials. It is perfectly hardy in the North 

 and seems to thrive anywhere. P. Sieboldi was once 

 distributed as Sacaline, but that species is much 

 smaller, with smaller, shorter and square-based leaves, 

 and with more profuse bloom. 



P. compdctum, Hook., is much like P. Sieboldi, but "dif- 

 fers in its dwarf size, decumbent lowly habit, small rigid 

 leaves, with waved margins, and strict erect simple female ra- 

 cemes." Japan. B.M. 6476. P. multiflorum, Thunb. Tuber- 

 ous-rooted climber, with reddish stems : Ivs. cprdate-ovate- 

 acute, shining: fls. small and whitish, in spreading panicles. 

 China and Japan. P. platycaulon, Hort. = Muehlenbeckia 

 Platyclados. P. sphcerostachyum, Meisn. Allied to P. affine, 

 from which it differs in the "dense broad cylindric or globose 

 spike of blood-red pendulous flowers." Himalaya. B.M. 6847. 

 P. vaccinifolium, Wall. Rock plant allied to P. affine: fls. 

 bright rose-colored, in many slender spikes: Ivs. rather numer- 

 ous on the stems, short, ovate -acute : decumbent, the stems 

 2 ft. or less long. Himalaya, up to 16.500 ft. B.M. 4622. Gn. 39, 

 p. 543; 43, p. 501; 45, p. 159. L. H. B. 



POL'J'MNIA (the muse Polyhymnia). Comp6sita>, 

 About 10 species of American composites, mostly coarse, 

 viscid and heavy-scented, the North American species 

 being perennial herbs, the South American shrubby or 

 tree-like. They have loose panicles of yellow or whitish 

 fls. borne in summer. For further description, see 

 Gray's Manual, Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora, 

 etc. 



Canadensis, Linn. CANADA or SMALL-FLOWERED LEAF 

 CUP. Height 2-5 ft. : Ivs. deltoid-ovate to hastate, thin, 

 deeply angulate-lobed; lobes dentate, 4-10 in. long: 

 heads few in terminal clusters, 4-6 lines broad: rays 

 minute or none. June-Sept. Damp, rich, shaded places, 

 western Ont. to Minn., south N. C. to Ark. B.B. 2:405. 

 Var. radiata, Gray, with whitish rays sometimes 

 % in. long, is also offered by one dealer in native 

 plants. 



POLYPODIUM (Greek, many feet; alluding to the ex- 

 tensive rootstocks). Polypodiacew. A genus of ferns 

 with naked rounded sori, and with the Ivs. jointed to 

 the rootstocks, leaving a scar when they separate. As 

 here treated the veins may be free or united to form 

 areolre. The genus is a very extensive one, growing in 

 all parts of the world, and has frequently been divided 

 into a series of genera based on habit and the nature of 

 venation, which is probably a more logical treatment; 

 some of these genera, indeed, as Phymatodes and Phle- 

 bodium, have been here separated; the genus would be 

 more homogenous were others placed by themselves. 

 For culture, see Fern. 



A. Veins free: Ivs. once pinnate. 

 B. Sori large, conspicuous. 



vulgare, Linn. WALL FERN. POLYPODY. Figs. 1881-3. 

 Lvs. 4-10 in. long, on pale stalks half their length, 1-3 in. 

 wide, cut nearly or quite to the rachis into entire or 

 slightly toothed blunt pinnae. New England to Ala. and 

 westward to Ore.; also common throughout Europe, 

 where many forms are in cult. Var. Cambricum (Fig. 

 1884) occurs in New York and New England. 



falcatum, Kellogg. Lvs. 12-15 in. long, 4-8 in. wide, 

 on long, straw-colored stalks; pinnae numerous, taper- 

 ing to a slender point, sharply ser- 

 rate. Calif, to Wash. 



BB. Sori smaller: Ivs. elastic, often 

 elongated. 



Plumula, HBK. Lvs. 9-18 in. long, 

 narrow lanceolate, 1-2 in. wide ; 

 pinn numerous, narrow, entire, 

 blunt, the lower pairs scarcely 

 smaller than those above ; stalks 

 blackish. Fla. and trop. Amer. 



pectination, Linn. Lvs. elliptic- 

 lanceolate, 1-2% ft. long, 2-6 in. 

 wide, cut to the rachis into horizon- 

 tal entire or toothed pinnae, the lower 

 ones gradually reduced to short, 

 triangular lobes. Fla. and trop. 

 Amer. 



AA. Veins uniting, forming regular areolce each ivith a 

 single free included veinlet. 

 0. Lvs. simple, undivided. 



vacciniifolium, Langs & Fisch. Lvs. of 2 sorts rising 

 from slender, wide-creeping rootstocks ; sterile Ivs. 

 roundish or elliptic; sporophylls linear or ligulate, with 

 large sori in a single row. Tropical Amer., from the 

 West Indies southward. 



1882. 



Sori and a single 

 sporangium of 

 Polypodium vul- 

 gar e. 



Sori about natural 

 size. 



