1472 



PYfcUS 



PYRUS 



shoots they are prominently lobed and suggest the leaves 

 of hawthorns. Closely allied to P. baccata, and to P. 

 floribunda of the gardens. Sargent writes (Forest 

 Flora of Japan, p. 40) that P. Toringo "is a common 

 and widely distributed plant in Japan, growing from 



2026. Pyrus spectabilis (X %). No. 11. 



the sea-level in Yeddo to elevations of several thousand 

 feet in central Hondo, usually in moist ground in the 

 neighborhood of streams." It varies from a low bush to 

 a tree 30 ft. high. The leaves are exceedingly variable. 



DD. Lvs. on summer shoots not lobed. 

 E. Vernation (Ivs. in bud) conduplicate. 



7. floribunda, Nichols. (P. Mdlus floribunda, Hort. 

 Mdlus floribunda, Sieb. M. microcdrpa floribunda, 

 Carr.). FLOWERING CRAB. Shrub or sometimes a 

 small tree, often thorny : young growths glabrous 

 or very soon becoming so: Ivs. ovate and usually 

 acuminate, the petioles rather thick and reddish and 

 usually not much if any more than 1 in. long on the 

 leading young shoots, the margins finely but very 

 sharply serrate, usually tbickish, shining above and 

 glabrous (or soon becoming so) beneath: fls. rose or 

 rose-red, appearing with the Ivs., produced in great 

 abundance and very showy: fr. usually about the size 

 of a pea, on long, slender stalks, red, not persisting till 

 winter. Japan. R.H. 1866:311; 1871:591; 1881, p. 296. 

 F.S. 15:1585. G.F. 1:152; 2:523. A.G. 13:437; 18:437. 

 F.E. 9:573. Gt. 47:1448 (var. atrosanguinea). M.D.G. 

 1899:454. Carriere, "Pommiers Microcarpes," pp. 44, 65. 

 One of the best of all early sprkjg-flowering bushes 

 or small trees, and now common in gardens. The semi- 

 double forms often receive the names Halliana and 

 Parkmani. A recent double-fid, form is var. Schei- 



deckeri (Gng. 6:308. A.F. 13:1398). There is much 

 doubt as to the proper specific disposition of this plant. 



EE. Vernation convolute. 



8. Halliana, Voss (P. Parkmani, Hort. Mdlus Hal- 

 lidna, Koehne). Bush or small tree, 6-15 ft. tall, with a 

 loose open crown: Ivs. long-ovate, glabrous, leathery: 

 fls. rose-colored, usually half-double and hanging on 

 slender reddish pedicels: fr. size of a pea or somewhat 

 larger, brownish red, ripening late in fall and contain- 

 ing very large seeds. Japan. M.D.G. 1899:457. Per- 

 haps an offshoot of P. baccata. One of the handsomest 

 of the flowering Apples. 



9. baccata, Linn. (Mdlus baccdta, Desf.). SIBERIAN 

 CRAB. Fig. 2024. Small spreading tree, with a com- 

 pact crown, smooth in all its parts; growth hard and 

 wiry: Ivs. ovate to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-acuminate, 

 thin and glabrous, on slender petioles, finely and nearly 

 evenly serrate, bright green: fls. appearing with the 

 leaves on long and very slender (2 to 3 in.) greenish 



pedicels, typically pure white, handsome: 

 fr. from the size of a pea to % in. in diame- 

 ter, on long, hard stems, yellow or red and 

 firm and often translucent in texture, never 

 becoming mellow, the calyx falling away 

 before maturity. Siberia to Manchuria and 

 the Himalaya region. B.M. 6112. M.D.G. 

 1899:454. -Difficult to distinguish from P. 

 floribunda: larger, becoming a distinct tree, 

 sometimes as large as a large Apple tree: Ivs. with 

 blunter teeth, and usually much longer, very slender, 

 hard, glabrous petioles : fls. lighter colored, usually 

 white; vernation convolute (Ivs. rolled in the bud). It 

 runs into many forms, particularly in fruit. 



The term Crab Apple has an indefinite application. 

 In general, it is applied in this country -to any small, 

 hard sour Apple, particularly to such as cannot be used 

 for dessert. All the indigenous Apples are called Crabs, 

 and sometimes seedlings of the common Apple are 

 similarly designated, as in the term "Crab-stocks, "which 

 is used for imported seedling stocks. As applied to 

 orchard fruits, it comprises, as a rule, those small hard- 

 fleshed varieties of Apples like the Transcendent and 

 Hyslop, and these plants are further distinguished by 

 smoothish parts, hard twigs, and long petioles and 

 fruit-stems. These types of Crabs are no doubt hybrids 

 between Pyrus Malus and P. baccata. They are often 

 referred to Pyrus prunifolia (Willdenow, Phytogr. i. 8 

 (1794). See B.M. 6158), which is apparently a deriva- 

 tive of P. Malus and P. baccata, through hybridization. 

 The writer reaches this conclusion after having exam- 

 ined Willdenow' s original specimen, yet preserved at 

 Berlin. The fruit of P. prunifolia partakes much of 

 the brittle and trans- 

 lucent texture of P. 

 baccata, but it is 

 larger, commonly 

 more f arinaceou s , 

 and the calyx is per- 

 sistent. Some Crabs 

 that pass as Siber- 



2027. Pyrus Ringo (XK). Leaves rather narrow. No. 12. 



Pyrus Ringo (X %). 



