QUERCUS 



QUERCUS 



1479 



beneath, 2-6 in. long : fr. ovoid, %-\ in. long, em- 

 braced about one-third by the deeply saucer-shaped cup. 

 Ind. and Iowa to Tex. and Fla. S.S. 8:411. G.F. 7:515, 

 517. -Tall tree, only recently introduced into cult. : much 

 like Q. coccinea in foliage and like Q. rubra in fruit, but 

 the cup somewhat deeper and smaller and pale grayish 

 tomentose. 



2043. Quercus palustris (on the left) and Q. Phellos (X 



4. coccinea, Muench. SCARLET OAK. Fig. 2042, 2044. 

 Tree, to 80 ft., with gradually spreading branches forming 

 a round-topped rather open head : Ivs. deeply divided by 

 wide sinuses into 7-9 rather narrow, oblong or lanceo 

 late, few-toothed lobes, bright green and glossy above, 

 light green and glabrous beneath, 4-8 in. long: fr. short- 

 stalked, ovoid to oblong-ovate, %-% in. 



long, embraced about one-half bythe almost 

 glabrous cup. Me. to Fla., west to Minn, 

 and Mo. 8.8.8:412,413. Em. 1:163. Espe- 

 cially valuable for its brilliant scarlet fall 

 coloring; grows well in dryish situations. 



5. K611oggii, Newb. (Q. Califdrnica, 

 Coop.). CALIFORNIAN BLACK OAK. Fig. 

 2045. Tree, occasionally to 100 ft., with 

 stout spreading branches forming an open, 

 round-topped head: Ivs. divided about to 

 the middle by wide sinuses into usually 7 

 oblong, toothed lobes, pubescent when 

 young, at length glabrous and glossy above, 

 yellowish green and glabrous or floccose be- 

 neath, 3-6 in. long: fr. short-stalked; acorn ovoid or ob- 

 long, mostly rounded at the top, 1-1% in. long, em- 

 braced about one-third or one-half by the deep hemi- 

 spherical glabrous cup. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 8:416. G.F. 

 9:145. 



6. velutina, Lam (Q. tinctbria, Bartr.). BLACK OAK. 

 YELLOW BARK OAK. Figs. 2040, 2041 (3), 2042. Tree, to 

 80, sometimes to 150 ft., with rather slender branches, 

 spreading gradually into a narrow, open head ; bark 

 very dark brown, inner bark orange: Ivs. pinnatifid to 

 or beyond the middle, with 7-9 broad toothed lobes, 

 dark and dull green above, brownish pubescent beneath 

 at first, glabrous at length, except in the axils of the 

 veins, 4-10 in. long: fr. short-stalked; acorn ovoid, V<i-\ 

 in. long, embraced about one-half by the hemispherical 

 densely pubescent cup. Me. to .Fla., west to Minn, and 

 Tex. 8.8.8:414,415. Em. 1:160. G.F. 5:55. -Tree of 

 rapid growth, less beautiful than the preceding spe- 

 cies, but the wood is more valuable; it flourishes even in 

 rather dry soil, and the foliage turns dull red or orange- 

 brown in fall. 



7. cuneata, Wangh. (Q. digitdta, Sudw. Q. falcdta, 

 Michx.). SPANISH OAK. Tree, to 70, rarely to 100 ft., 

 with stout spreading branches forming an open, round- 

 topped head: Ivs. deeply pinnatifid, with 5-7 entire lan- 

 ceolate and often falcate lobes, separated by broad si- 

 nuses, drooping, dark green and glabrous above, tawny 

 or grayish tomentulose beneath, 3-8 in. long: fr. short- 

 stalked , acorn subglobose, % in. high, embraced one- 

 half by the turbinate cup. N. J. to Fla., west to Mo. 

 and Tex. S.S. 8:420. G.F. 8:104. Handsome, with 

 peculiarly distinct foliage, but not quite hardy north. 



8. ilicifdlia, Wangh. (Q. Bdnisteri, Michx. Q. ndna, 

 S:irg.). BEAR or SCRUB OAK. Intricately branched, 

 spreading shrub to 10 ft. high, rarely small tree to 20> 

 ft.: Ivs. pinnately lobed, \\ith usually!' lin.ad triangular 

 lobes on each side, dark green and glabrous above, whit- 

 ish tomentulose beneath, 2-5 in. long: fr. short-stalked; 

 acorn globose-ovoid, % in. or less high, embraced about 

 one- half by the saucer- shaped cup. Me. to Va., west to 

 Ohio and Ky. 8.8.8:424. Em. 1:170. Growing natur- 

 ally on dry rocky soil and forming dense thickets ; it may 

 be used for covering barren rocky ridges and hillsides. 

 Hybrids with Q. coccinea and Q. velutina are known 

 (Rhodora, 3:24). 



9. nigra, Linn. (Q. aqudtica, Walt. Q. n?i<ihioxn T 

 Wangh.). WATER OAK. Tree, to 80 ft., with rather 

 slender branches forming a conical, round-topped head: 

 Ivs. obovate, 3-lobed at the apex or sometimes entire, 

 rarely pinnatifid above the middle, dull bluish green 

 above, paler beneath, soon glabrous except axillary tufts 

 of brown hairs beneath, l%-3 in. long: fr. short-stalked ; 

 acorn globose -ovoid, %-% in. high, embraced one-fourth 

 to one-third by the saucer-shaped cup. Del. to Fla., west 

 to Ky. and Tex. S.S. 8:428. Of rapid growth and easily 

 transplanted; often planted as avenue tree in the South, 

 but not quite hardy north. Usually called Q. aquatica. 



10. Marilandica, Muench (Q. nigra, Wangh. Q. fer- 

 ruginea, Michx.). BLACKJACK. JACK OAK. Tree, to 30, 

 sometimes to 50 ft., with short spreading branches form- 

 ing a narrow, round-topped or often irregular head: Ivs. 

 obovate, 3-5-lobed at the broad apex, with broad, entire 

 or sparingly toothed lobes, glabrous and dark green 

 above, at leirgth glabrous and yellowish green beneath, 

 brownish tomentose at first: fr. short-stalked; acorn 

 ovoid-oblong, % in. high, embraced one-third to two- 

 thirds by the turbinate cup. N. Y. to Fla., west to Neb. 

 and Texas. S.S. 8:426, 427.- Handsome tree, with its 

 large glossy foliage; hardy north. Better known as Q. 

 nigra, but this name really belongs to the preceding 

 species. 



11. Ph611os, Linn. WILLOW OAK. Plate XXI. Fig. 

 2043. Tree, to 50 ft., sometimes becoming 80 ft., with 

 rather slender branches forming a conical, round-topped 

 head: Ivs. short-petioled, linear-oblong, bright green 

 and glossy above, pubescent below when young, glabrous 

 and light "green at length, 2-4 in. long: frs. almost ses- 

 sile, acorn subglobose, %-% in. high, embraced about 

 one-fourth by the saucer-shaped cup. N. Y. to Fla., west 

 to Mo. and Tex. S.S. 8:435. Gt. 29, p. 221. A. G. 17:195. 

 R.H. 1898, p. 149. -Beautiful hardy medium-sized tree 



with handsome foliage turning pale yellow in fall, 

 prefers moist or almost swampy soil. 



12. imbricaria, Michx. SHINGLE OAK. Tree, to 60, 

 rarely to 100 ft., with slender and somewhat pendulous 



