QCJERCUS 



with Q. Sttber, for which see Q. Lncombeana, in sup- 

 plementary list. 



3.'). Suber, Linn. CORK OAK. Tree, to 50 ft., with 

 broad round-topped head and thick, deeply furrowed, 

 spongy, elastic 4 hark: Ivs. ovate to oblong, rounded or 

 subcordate at the base, remotely serrate, glabrous above, 

 whitish tomentose beneath, 1-3 ir. long: fr. short-stalked; 

 acorn ovate or oblong-ovate, %-l/4in. high, embraced one- 

 third to one-half by the cup; scales thick, usually with 

 short and often recurved tips. 

 S. Europe, X. Afr. From this 

 species cork is obtained; it is 

 much cultivated for this pur- 

 pose in E. India and recently 

 a No in California, where it 

 seems to thrive well. Q. occi- 

 drntalix, Gay, seems to differ 

 only by the fr. ripening the 

 second "year and by its greater 

 hardiness; its bark is not distin- 

 guished commercially from that 

 of the true Cork Oak. 



36. Ilex, Linn. HOLLY or 

 HOLM OAK. Tree, to GO ft., with 

 large, round-topped head; bark 

 not corky: Ivs. very variable, 

 ovate to lanceolate, remotely 

 serrate or almost entire and 

 with revolute margin, dark 

 green above, yellowish or whit- 

 ish tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. 

 long : fr. 1-3, usually pedun- 

 cled ; acorn ovate, embraced 

 about one -half by the cup; 

 scales thin, appressed, rarely 

 slightly spreading. S. Europe. 

 M.D.G. 1898:275. Var. Ballota, 

 DC. (Q. Ballota, Desf.). Lvs. 

 smaller, orbicular or broadly 

 ovate; the sweet acorn is often 

 gathered for food. Var. F6rdii, 

 Nichols. (Q.Fordli, Carr.). Of 

 pyramidal habit with narrower 

 and smaller Ivs. R.H. 1861, pp. 

 114, 115; 1885, pp. 352, 353. Not 

 to be confounded with Q. Ford- 



iana, Hemsl., a Chinese species with chestnut-like 

 leaves. 



37. Virginiana, Mill. (Q. vlrens, Ait.). LIVE OAK. 

 Figs. 2050-52. Tree, to 50 or rarely to 70 ft., with al- 

 most horizontal limbs, forming a wide spreading head; 

 sometimes shrubby: Ivs. elliptic or oblong, usually en- 

 tire, with revolute margin, rarely with a few spiny teeth 

 above the middle, dark green and glossy above, whitish 

 tomentulose beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. peduncled; acorn 

 ovate, about 1 in. long, embraced about one-third by the 

 cup; scales thin, appressed. Va. to Fla., west to Mcx. 

 8.8.8:394.395. G.F. 1:476; 5:486, 487; 6:7; 8:235. F.R. 

 1:643. Gng. 8:1. -One of the most beautiful of the 

 American Oaks and much planted as a shade and 

 avenue tree in the southern states; easily transplanted 

 and of rapid growth ; also very valuable as a timber tree. 



38. chrys61epis, Liebm. CALIFORNIA LIVE OAK. MAUL 

 OAK. Fig. 2053. Tree, to 50, rarely to 100 ft., with wide- 

 spreading head and often pendulous branches : Ivs. 

 short-petioled, oval to oblong-ovate, acute and spiny- 

 toothed or entire, bluish or yellowish green above, glau- 

 cous beneath and covered with fulvous tomentum when 

 young, 1-4 in. long: fr. short-stalked, ripening the sec- 

 ond year; acorn ovoid, %-!% in. high, embraced about 

 one-fourth by the shallow cup, which is often very thick 

 and densely fulvous-tomentose. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 

 8:398, 399. "G.F. 5: 127. -The most beautiful of the Cali- 

 fornian Oaks. 



39. a&rifdlia, N<$e. Fig. 2054. Similar in habit to the 

 former, sometimes shrubby: Ivs. broadly oval to ob- 

 long, sinuately spiny-toothed, usually convex, dull green 

 above, light green below, pubescent at first, 1/^-3 in. 

 long: fr. usually sessile; acorn conic-ovate, often elon- 

 gated, to 1% in. long, embraced one-fourth to one-third 

 by the cup: scales thin, slightly puberulous. Calif. 

 8.8. 8:403. P.F.G. 2, p. 44. F.S. 7. p. 138. 



QUERCUS 



1483 



40. densifldra, Hook. & Am. TAN BARK OAK. Ever 

 green tree, to 70, occasionally to 100 ft., with spreading 

 branches forming a dense, broad, round-topped head: 

 Ivs. oblong-obovate or oblong, acute, remotely dentate, 

 with short acute callous teeth, fulvous-tomentose when 

 young, at maturity glabrous and pale green above, rusty 

 toiiii-ntose beneath and finally glabrous and bluish white': 

 fr. peduncled; acorn ovoid or ovate, %-!% in. long, em- 

 braced only at the base by the shallow cup coated with 



2052. Live Oak, with Spanish moss hanging from the branches. 

 Audubon Park, New Orleans. Quercus Virginiana. 



linear spreading scales. 8. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 8:438. 

 G.F. 5: 523. -One of the most beautiful Oaks of the Pa- 

 cific states. The only representative of the subgenus 

 Pasania in America. 



The species in the following list are not hardy north except 

 when mentioned: 



Q. acuta, Thunb. (Q. Buergeri, Blume). Evergreen small 

 tree: Ivs. oblong to lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, usually 

 entire, glabrous, light green beneath, 4-7 in.: cup thick, with 

 the scales connate into concentric riugs. Jap., Corea. Gn. 19, 

 p. 285. Q. JEgilops, Linn. Evergreen tree, to 60 ft.: allied 

 to Q. Cerris: Ivs. lobed-dentate with acute sinuses, fulvous- 

 tomentose at first: cup large, with spreading, flat, lanceolate 

 scales, not much to one-half shorter than acorn. 8. Italy, 

 Greece. Q. alnifblia, Poech. Evergreen shrub: Ivs. orbicular 

 or oval, dentate, shining above, yellow-tomentose beneath, 

 1-2 in. long: cup with recurved lanceolate bracts; acorn 1% in. 

 long. Creta. Gn. 18, p. 486; 40, p. 95. A.G. 13:436.~g. Jinergeri, 

 Blume = Q. acuta.- Q. bamlntsoKfdlia, Fort., not Hnnce. = Q. 

 Vibrayana. Q. brevifblia, Sarg. == Q. cinerea. Q. castancefblia, 

 C. A. Mey. Half evergreen tree, to 70 ft.: Ivs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, serrate, tomentulose beneath, rarely almost glabrous. 

 4-6 in long: cup with lanceolate recurved scales. W. Asia to 

 N. Persia. Not or only half-hardy north. Q. Cdtesbcei, Michx. 

 Tree, to 60 ft.: Ivs. similar to those of Q. cuneata, but rufous- 

 tomentose when young, glabrous at length, except axillary tufts 

 beneath, very short-petioled; cup turbinate. N. C. to Fla. and 

 La. S.S. 8:417. Q. Chdpmani, Sarg. (Q. obtusiloba, var. par- 

 vifolia, Chapm.). Usually shrub, rarely small tree; allied to 

 Q. stellata: Ivs. obovate-oblong and entire or slightly sinuately 

 lobed toward the apex. S. C.to Fla. S.S. 8:370. Q. Chinensis 

 Abel See Q. sclerophylla. Q. cintrea, Michx. BLUE JACK. 

 Small tree: allied to Q. imbricaria, but Ivs. tomentulose be- 

 neath, smaller, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, half -evergreen: 

 cup saucer-shaped; acorn subglobose. N. C. to Fla. and Tex. 

 S.S. 8:431. Q. coccifera, Linn. Evergreen small tree or shrub: 

 Ivs. oval to oblong, spinose-dentate, almost glabrous, 1-2 in 

 long: cup with spreading or recurved rigid scales: maturation 

 biennial S. En. Q. cuspiddta, Thunb. Evergreen tree, to 

 40 ft., with slender branches: Ivs. ovate to oblong, acuminate, 

 crenately serrate toward the apex or entire, glabrous at length 

 in. long: fr. in short spikes; cup ovate, enclosing the 



