1486 



QUINCE 



QUISQUALIS 



form of the fungus causing the familiar "cedar apple" 

 on wild red cedars is one of the most common diseases, 

 but is of less economic importance than leaf blight. 

 Rust attacks the fruit, blotching it, and in some in- 

 stances completely enveloping it in a peculiar orange- 



2057. Quinces. 



colored fringe-like growth. The twigs are infested by 

 the mycelium of the fungus, and show its presence by 

 irregular swellings. Leaf blight and rust are best con- 

 trolled by using Bordeaux mixture. Fire blight or pear 

 blight is the most dangerous disease, because it is 

 always prevalent to a greater or less extent and is very 

 difficult to control. As with the pear, of which it is an 

 enemy of first importance, the only remedy is the 

 hygienic one of preventing infection by destroying 

 the infected part. This must be done promptly. All 

 diseased branches and trees, if badly attacked, should be 

 cut out and burned at once. As a matter of fact, Quinces 

 are not ordinarily attacked in the limbs or on the trunks, 

 so that the removal of the twigs or small branches often 

 uts out the diseased portions. 



The stem of the Quince tree is attacked by borers, 

 which can be controlled only by digging them out. 

 The fruit is attacked by codlin moth; this is best treated 

 with arsenical poisons applied in spray form. The 

 Quince curculio is often very troublesome, causing the 

 fruits to become knotty. The best remedy is to catch 

 the insects by the jarring method (Fig. 2059), as the 

 plum curculio is caught.. 



Comparatively few varieties have been added to Quince 

 lists in recent years. Bailey says in his bulletin on " The 

 Quince in Western New York" (Bulletin 80 of Cornell 

 Experiment Station), which appears to be the only 

 experiment station publication on this subject, that 

 Orange, Champion, Rea and Meech are the leading 

 varieties in New York state. Among the newer varie- 

 ties, Fuller andVanDeman should be mentioned. With 

 Quinces, as with other fruits for which there is not a 

 strong and constant demand, it is desirable to plant 

 sufficient variety of early and late kinds to properly 

 cover the season. 



The clear yellow and delicate skin of the Quince 

 shows bruises readily. The fruits should be handled 



x3K^^-. 



i^^r 



2058. New York Quince plantation. 



carefully. It usually pays to grade the fruit, which may 

 be shipped according to quality in peck or 15-pound 

 grape baskets, in bushel kegs, half barrels or barrels. 

 The finer grades are ordinarily marketed with greatest 

 profit in the smaller packages. 



Quinces are propagated in four ways: (1) cuttings 



of the ripened wood and also from pieces of roots treated 

 like cuttings; (2) mound layers; (3) root-grafting; 

 (4) budding. Hardwood cuttings are employed by 

 nurserymen who have light, warm soils. They are 

 handled like grape cuttings, and made like currant 

 cuttings. In mound - layering the old plant is cut 

 back to encourage a growth of sprouts from the crown. 

 A mound of soil is thrown about them. When rooted 

 they are detached. Layer-grown plants are not the most 

 desirable because much given to sprouting when set in 

 the orchard. When root-grafting is employed, pieces 

 of apple roots are spliced to the cions. These roots 

 assist the cuttings in becoming established, and often 

 are removed when the nursery tree is transplanted at 

 one or two years, or perhaps not till prepared for orchard 

 setting. Quince stock is used when trees are propagated 

 by budding. Angers is commonly grown from seed for 

 this purpose. J OHN CRAIG. 



QUINCE, BENGAL, See ^Sgle. 

 QUININE. See Cinchona. 

 QUINOA. See Chenopodium Quinoa 



2059. Catching the curculio in a New York Quince orchard. 



QUISQUALIS (name discussed below). Comlretacecc. 

 This includes the RANGOON CREEPER, a tender woody 

 plant with 5-petaled red fls., remarkable for their ex- 

 tremely long calyx -tube (2-3 in.), which is slender and 

 green and at first sight might be mistaken for a pedicel 

 or corolla-tube. The name quisqualis means literally 

 who? what? and was given by Rumphius in astonish- 

 ment at the plant's behavior, for it is said to grow erect 

 and shrub-like to a height of 3 ft., when it throws out 

 from the base a new growth that climbs up the neigh- 

 boring trees, after which the original shrub perishes. 

 Many other interesting statements about this plant are 

 made in B.M. 2033. 



Quisqualis is a genus of 4 species native to tropical 

 Asia, Natal, Madagascar and Guinea. Lvs. mostly 

 opposite or nearly so, oblong or ovate, acuminate, en- 

 tire: fls. changeable in color, white to red; stamens 10; 

 ovary 1-celled; ovules 3-4; fr. dry, oblong, leathery, 

 5-cornered, 5-winged, 1-seeded. 



tndica, Linn. RANGOON CREEPER. Lvs. 4 in. long, 

 nearly glabrous : calyx-teeth triangular, acute, not acu- 

 minates petals rose or scarlet: fr. with very sharp 

 angles but hardly winged. Malaya. Widely cult, in 

 tropics. B.M. 2033. B.R. 6:492. R.H. 1868:50 (as 

 Q. pubescens). Quisqualis Indira is cult, in northern 

 hothouses. For best results it should be planted in beds 

 of soil composed of fibrous loam, peat and sand. The fls. 

 appear from June to September, and last well when cut. 

 After flowering the plant should be cutback severely and 

 water applied less frequently until the wood is ripened. 

 New growth starts the following spring. If the plant is 

 kept in a very hot and humid atmosphere it makes a ram- 

 pant growth. It is remarkably free from insect pests 

 and fungous diseases. Prop, by softwood cuttings in- 

 serted in sand with bottom heat. 



EMIL MISCHE and W. M. 



