1510 



Alaternus, 8, 

 alnifolia. 5. 

 iilpina, 3, 4. 

 angustifolia, 8. 

 anonsefolia, 9. 

 asplenifolia, 11. 

 betulifolia, 9. 

 Californica, 9. 



RHAMNUS 



INDEX. 



Caroliniana, 10. 

 castanecefolia, 4. 

 cathartica, 1. 

 Colchica, 4. 

 crocea, 7. 

 Dahurica, 2. 

 Frangula, 9, 11. 

 grandifolia, 4. 

 lineretina, 4. 



lanceolata, 6. 

 Libanotica, 4 

 occidentalis, 9. 

 cleifolius, 9. 

 Purshiana, 9. 

 rubra, 9. 

 tomentella, 9. 

 Wicklia. 1. 



A. Winter-buds scaly: petals usually 4, 

 sometimes 5 or wanting : seeds (not 

 the outer coating of the nutlet) sul- 

 cate or concave on the back, with 

 thin cotyledons recurved at the mar- 

 gins: fls. imperfectly dicecious. 

 B. Lvs. opposite: plants usually 



spiny shrubs 1. cathartica 



2. Dahurica 

 BB. Lvs. alternate : plants unarmed 



shrubs. 

 C. Foliage deciduous. 



D. Pairs of veins 10-20 3. alpina 



4. Libanotica 



DD. Pairs of veins 4-9 5. alnifolia 



6. lanceolata 



CO. Foliage evergreen 7. crocea 



8. Alaternus 



AA. Winter-buds naked: petals 5: seeds 

 convex at the back, not grooved, with 

 flat and fleshy cotyledons : tin- 

 armed shrubs with alternate Ivs. 

 Frangula. 



B. Fls. in peduncled umbels 9. Purshiana 



10. Caroliniana 

 BB. Fls. in 2-6-fld. clusters 11. Frangula 



1. cathartica, Linn. (R. Wicklia, Hort.). BUCKTHORN. 

 HART'S-THORN. WAYTHORN. RHINEBERRY. Fig. 2095. 

 Shrub or small tree, attaining 12 ft., usually thorny: 

 Ivs. oval to elliptic or ovate, usually rounded at the base 

 or cordate, obtuse or acute, crenulate-serrate, glabrous 

 or pubescent beneath, l%-3 in. long: fls. in 2-5-fld. 

 clusters, with 4 petals: fr. black, about K in. across. 

 Europe, W. Asia and N. Asia; often escaped from cult, 

 in the eastern U. S. B.B. 2:405. Gng. 9:2. 



2095. Rhamnus cathartica (X%). 



2. Dahurica, Pall. (R. cathartica, var. Dahurica, 

 Maxim.). Large, spreading shrub, with stout thorny 

 branches: branchlets glabrous: Ivs. oblong or some- 

 times elliptic, narrowed at the base, acuminate, crenu- 

 late-serrate, glabrous, somewhat coriaceous at maturity, 

 2-4 in. long: fls. and fr. similar to those of the preced- 

 ing species, but fr. somewhat larger. Dahuria to Amur- 

 land and N. China, probably also Japan. 6.F. 9:425 (as 

 R. crenata ). Sometimes cult, under the name of It. 

 crenata. See, also, supplementary list. It sometimes 

 becomes a tree 30 ft. tall. 



RHAMNUS 



3. alpina, Linn. Shrub, attaining G ft., with stout, 

 upright, glabrous branches: Ivs. oval to elliptic-ovate, 

 cordate or rounded at the base, abruptly acuminate, 

 crenulate-serrate, dark green above, pale grean and 

 glabrous ornearly so beneath, 2-5% in. long: Hs. in few- 

 fld. -clusters; petals 4: fr. globose, black, % in. across 

 or less. Mountains of S. and M. Eu. L.B.C. 11:1077. 

 This and the following species are the handsomest of 

 the deciduous-leaved Buckthorns. 



4. Liban6tica, Boiss. (R. Imeretina, Koehne. R. 

 castano3 folia, Hort. R. grandifolia, Hort. R. alplna, 

 var. Cdlchica, Kusn. R. alpina, var. grandifolia, 

 Regel). Closely allied to the preceding, biit larger in 

 every part: shrub, attaining 10 ft.: branchlets and 

 petioles pubescent: Ivs. larger and longer, to 9 in. long, 

 pubescent beneath and often bronze-colored at maturity. 

 Caucasus, W. Asia. B.M. 6721. 



5. alnifdlia, L'Herit. Low, wide-spreading shrub, at- 

 taining 4 ft , with puberulous branchlets: Ivs. ovate to 

 oval, obtuse or acuminate, usually narrowed at the base, 

 crenately serrate, glabrous, 1K-4 in. long: fls. in few- 

 fld. clusters, 5-merous, without petals: fr. globose, black, 

 with li nutlets. New Brunswick and N. J. to British 

 Columbia and Calif. B.B. 2:406. 



6. lanceolata, Pursh. Tall, upright shrub, with pu- 

 berulous branchlets: Ivs. ovate-lanceolate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate or obtusish, finely serrulate, 

 glabrous or somewhat pubescent beneath, 1-3% in. long: 

 fls. in few-fld. clusters, with 4 petals: fr. with 2 nutlets. 

 Pa. to Ala., Tex. and Neb. B.B. 2:405. 



7. crocea, Nutt. Shrub or small tree", attaining 20 ft., 

 with pubescent young branchlets : Ivs. orbicular to ob- 

 long-obovate, dentate-serrate, dark green and lustrous 

 above, bronze- or copper-colored and glabrous or slightly 

 pubescent beneath, %-l%in. long: fls. in few-fld. clus- 

 ters, 4-merous, apetalous: fr. bright red, about % in. 

 across, edible. Calif. S. 8.2:59,60. 



8. Alaternus, Linn. Shrub or small tree, attaining 

 20 ft., with glabrous branches: Ivs. oval or ovate to 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate or almost entire, glossy 

 and dark green above, pale or yellowish green beneath, 

 glabrous, %-2 in. long: fls. in short racemes, with 5 

 petals: fr. bluish black. S. Eu. Var. angustifdlia, 

 DC. (R. angustifdlia, Hort.), has narrower, oblong 

 lanceolate Ivs. There are also varieties with variegated 

 foliage. 



9. Purshiana, DC. Tall shrub to medium-sized tree, 

 occasionally attaining 40 ft. : young branchlets pubes- 

 cent or tomentose: Ivs. elliptic to ovate-oblong, acute 

 or obtuse, usually denticulate, with often wavy margin, 

 dark green above, glabrous or pubescent beneath, 1-7 

 in. long : peduncles longer than petioles : fr. globose, 

 changing from red to black, about % in. across, with 

 2-3 nutlets. Brit. Col. to Mex., west to Mont, and Texas. 

 S.S. 2:62, 63. A very variable species. Var. Califbrnica, 

 Rehd. (R. Califdrnica, Eschsch. R oleifdlius, Hook.). 

 Usually shrubby, evergreen or half - evergreen : Ivs. 

 smaller and narrower, 1-4 in. long, often almost entire. 

 Calif, to Ariz, and New Mex. R.H. 1874, p. 354. Var. 

 tomentella, Sarg. (Frdngula Californica, var. tomen- 

 16lla, Gray). Allied to the preceding var., but Ivs. 

 densely white-tomentose beneath. R.H. 1858, p. 658; 

 1872, p. 194 (as R. incana). R. anona>fdlia, betulifdlia 

 and rubra, Greene, and R. occidentalis, Howell (see 

 G.F. 10:285) also belong here. 



10. Caroliniana, Walt. INDIAN CHERRY. Shrub or 

 small tree, attaining 30 ft. : young branches puberulous : 

 Ivs. elliptic to oblong, acute or acuminate, obscurely ser- 

 rulate or almost entire, lustrous and dark green above, 

 glabrous or nearly so, somewhat leathery at length, 2-6 

 in. long: peduncles shorter than petioles: fr. globose, 

 about % in. across, red changing to black, sweet, with 

 3 nutlets. N. Y. to Fla., west to Neb. and Tex. S.S. 

 2:61. B.B. 2:406. 



11. Frangula, Linn. (Frdngula Alnur, Mill.). Shrub 

 or small tree, attaining 12 ft. : Ivs. broadly obovate to ob- 

 ovate-oblong, acute, entire, dark green above, glabrous, 

 1-2% in. long: fr. red, changing to black, with 2 nutlets. 

 Eu., N. Afr., W. Asia and Siber. ; escaped from cultiva- 

 tion in some localities in the eastern states. Gng. 8:3. 

 B.B. 2:406. Var. aspleniifdlia, Dipp. Lvs. linear, un- 



