ROSE 



the soil does not contain this naturally, it should be 

 added and thoroughly incorporated with the other in- 

 gredients. If the bed is intended for Hybrid Teas, 

 Teas, Bourbons or Noisettes, the soil should be lighter, 

 and if naturally heavy should have added to it a proper 

 amount of sand or leaf-mold, and be thoroughly mixed 

 as before. Roses are rank feeders; therefore be liberal 

 with manure for every class. 



Garden Roses can be obtained from the dealers grown 

 in two ways: on their own roots, and budded on the 

 Manetti or briar stock. Figs. 215G, 2175. There is much 

 difference of opinion as to the relative value of the two 

 sorts, and it must be admitted that some of the stronger 

 varieties will do equally well either way; but the 

 opinion of the writer, based upon the experience of 

 nearly a quarter of a century, is that all of the less 



vigorous varieties are 

 far better budded than 

 on their own roots, and 

 some are utterly worth- 

 less unless budded : 

 notably, Reine Marie 

 Henriette and Vis- 

 countess Folkestone, 

 both charming Roses 

 when well grown. The 

 budded plants are 

 mostly grown in Eu- 

 rope, taken up as soon 

 is the wood is ripened 

 in the autumn, and 

 shipped to us in the 

 dormant state in time 

 for planting in the lati- 

 tude of Philadelphia 

 before the ground is 

 frozen. They are usu- 

 ally received in such 

 excellent condition that 

 rarely one in a hundred 

 of the hardy sorts fails 

 to make a good growth 

 and a fair bloom in the 

 following season. 



With the tender 

 sorts, dormant plant- 

 ing out of doors in late 

 vutumn is attended 

 with much risk, be- 

 cause of the inability 

 of these plants to en- 

 dure the rigors of our 

 winters before becom- 

 ing established. Con- 

 2173. Rose trained to a few shoots, sequently they need 



ROSE 



1565 



See p. 1564. 



much more protection 

 than the hardy varie- 

 ties. It is really much better to have the planting 

 deferred until the early spring, if the plants can be 

 safely housed throughout the winter. After they have 

 become successfully established their safety is assured, 

 and they will repay in vigor and excellence the extra 

 work expended upon them. Few amateurs, however, 

 have the conveniences for caring for a number of plants 

 under cover throughout the winter. Therefore they 

 must take the risk of planting in the autumn or culti- 

 vate plants grown on their own roots. The best budded 

 stock the writer has yet found was obtained from nur- 

 series in Ireland, and it has been the uniform testimony 

 of all who have examined them that they had not seen 

 finer out-of-door Roses grown in this section. ( For fur- 

 ther discussions of budded and grafted Roses, see page 

 1574.) 



Planting Budded Roses. Roles at least 1 ft. in depth 

 and 15 in. wide should be made for each plant, the 

 collar or point where the bud was inserted and from 

 which the new growth starts placed 2 in. beneath the 

 surface of the soil, the roots spread out and downwards 

 (care being taken that no roots cross each other) and all 

 roots covered with fine soil free from lumps of manure. 

 Fig. 2170. Manure should never be placed in actual 

 contact with the roots, but near at hand, where the new 

 feeding roots can easily reach when growth begins. 



The remaining soil should then be parked in (Irmly, the 

 surface leveled and covered with about .'( in. -I 

 coarse litter and manure, and the Ic.nu wood rut back to 

 about 18 inches to prevent the plant being whipped and 

 loosened by high winds. 

 This extra wood is left to 

 encourage root action in / 



the spring and should be 

 cut back to three or four 

 eyes as soon as they can 

 be detected when pushing 

 out. Always cut above 

 and close to a strong 

 outside bud, without in- 

 juring it, to develop an 

 open and free head, thus 

 admitting light and air. 

 If the uppermost bud is 

 on the inside surface of 

 the shoot, the new growth 

 will be directed inward, 

 dwarfing and hampering 

 the plant and preventing 

 proper development. The 

 deep planting above de- 

 scribed is necessary to pre- 

 vent suckers from being 

 thrown out by the roots, 

 as these will speedily 

 choke and kill the less 



vigorous wood which we ^ssSBHSCs^'^-' 



are endeavoring to de- 

 velop. From the writer's 

 point of view me only ob- . 



jection to budded plants 3174> A Ro8e bush for the corner 

 is this danger of suck- of tnc earden. 



ering from the roots ; 



therefore no one should attempt to cultivate budded 

 Roses who cannot distinguish the brier should it appear, 

 or who is too careless or indifferent to dig down at once 

 and cut the wild shoot clean off at the root, rubbing it 

 smooth to prevent its starting again. Do this just as 

 soon as you discover it. 



A^sery little experience will enable any one to dis- 

 tinguish the brier. The canes are covered with minute 

 thorns and bear seven leaflets, instead of the usual 

 number of five. Should any doubt remain, follow the 

 shoot down through the ground and if it starts below 

 the collar, it is a brier. Remove it. These wild shoots 

 usually appear a few inches outside of the regular 

 growth, rarely inside; consequently there is little diffi- 

 culty in detecting and removing them. 



Planting Roses from Pots. Should Roses grown on 

 their own roots be preferred, they should be planted as 

 soon as the spring weather has fairly settled and all 

 danger of frost is over, that the plants may be firmly 

 established before the heat of summer. Roses planted 

 late in the season never do well, as they cannot attain 

 sufficient vigor to withstand the burning heat of our 

 summer sun. The 

 holes need only be 

 made a little larger 

 than the pot in which 

 the plant is growing. 

 Choose a cloudy day, 

 or the time just before 

 a rain, or late in the 

 afternoon, and, after 

 making the hole, knock 

 the pot off by inverting 

 the plant and striking 

 the edge sharply on a 

 firm substance (the 

 handle of a spade 

 which has been firmly 

 placed in the ground 

 in an upright position 2175. Flower of the Manetti Roe, 

 will answer nicely). used ai a stock. 



Press the ball of earth 



firmly between the hands to loosen the earth without 

 injuring the roots, fill the hole with water, insert the 

 plant a very little deeper than it stood in the pot, fi 

 in with soil and pack the earth around firmly. Pot- 



