RUBUS 



many feet long and recurving or half climbing but 

 sometimes erect: Ifts. 3-5, ovate or rhomb -ovate, 

 coarsely toothed, thickish, pubescent to white- downy 

 beneath; petioles and usually the midribs beneath bear- 

 ing prickles: fls. in terminal panicles, white or pink, 

 showy, the buds white-pubescent: fr. black or dull red, 



3199. Rubus ellipticus (X %). 

 A yellow-fruited speeies from the Himalayas. 

 >.o. 14. 



the calyx reflexed, edible but little prized. Europe, 

 where it is common in fields and hedges. As a cult 

 plant, known chiefly in the double-fld. form (as K. pom 

 pdnius). Gn. 34, p. 234. Sometimes known as It. spec- 

 tabilis in gardens. 



20. laciniatus, Willd. (R. fruticdsus, var. lacinialus, 

 Hort.). CUT-LEAVED or EVERGREEN BLACKBERRY. Fig. 

 2203. A tall, straggling brsh with permanent or peren- 

 nial canes in mild climates, and leaves more or less 

 evergreen, the stems provided with recurved prickles: 

 Ifts. 3, broadly ovate in general outline, cut into several 

 or many oblong or almost linear sharply toothed divi- 

 sions, the ribs prickly below and the petioles strongly 



The Caroline Raspberry. 

 No. 17. 



so; fls. in terminal panicles, white or blush, the calyx 

 and pedicels pubescent or even tomentose: fr. usually 

 thimble-shaped, late, black, often excellent. Gn. 21, p. 

 57; 45, p. 78. -This Blackberry is probably native to 

 Europe, where it has been long known in gardens. It is 



RUBUS 



apparently only a rut -leaved form of the common Euro- 

 pean Rubus fniticoxux. It is now widely -ratten-d. 

 and seems to thrive particularly well in Hawaii and other 

 Pacific islands and on the Pacific slope. By some it 

 is supposed to be native to the South Sea I Mauds (see 

 Hull. 04, Utah Exp. Sta.). It in probable that the plant 

 has been introduced into the West from those sources, 

 but such fact does not prove its original nativity. It 

 has aroused considerable attention in Oregon and other 

 parts of the West, and is often known as the Oregon 

 Everbearing Blackberry. In mild climates the lower 

 parts of the canes often live from year to year until 

 they become as thick as one's wrist"; and in such cli- 

 mates the leaves persist for the greater part of the 

 winter. The plant has long been grown for ornament in 

 the eastern states, but it has not attracted attention as 

 a fruit-plant in this region. The fruits are of fair size 

 and quality, and ripen from midsummer or late summer 

 to October. The plant is a good 

 ornamental subject, although it 

 is likely to cause trouble by 

 sprouting at the root. 



Group 2. Thornless Blackber- 

 ries, with tall, nearly un- 

 armed furrowed biennial 

 canes, and long, open flower- 

 clusters. 



21. Canadensis,Linn.(.ff.J/i//- 

 spaughii, Britt.j. THORNLESS 

 BLACKBERRY. Very tall and ro- 

 bust (sometimes reaching 10-12 

 tt. high), the canes 

 nearly or quite spine- 

 less : Ifts. narrow- 

 ovate to ovate-lance- 

 olate, long -acumi- 

 nate, sharply and 

 nearly evenly ser- 

 rate; stipules usually 

 prominent, narrow : 

 fls. large, white, in 

 long, open, raceme- 

 like, nearly glabrous 

 clusters, on slender 

 spreading pedicels : 



fr. black, almost globular to short-oblong, usually juicy 

 and good. Eastern Canada, through the high lands of 

 New England, New York and Michigan to mountains 

 of North Carolina. Not in cultivation, except in botanic 

 gardens and amateurs' collections. 



Group 3. Glandular Blackberries, with stout, thorny 

 biennial canes and prominently glandular-pubescent 

 inflorescence. 



22. nigrobaccus, Bailey (R.villbsus, Authors, 

 not Ait.). COMMON HIGH-BUSH BLACKBERRY of 

 the North. Figs. 2204-6. Canes tall, recurving 

 at the ends, furrowed, the young parts promi- 

 nently glandular-pubescent, the spines usually 

 large and more or less hooked: Ifts. 3-5, ovate- 

 acuminate or sometimes lance -ovate, long- 

 stalked (at least in the largest hs.l. the ter- 

 minal one often heart-shaped at base, the mar- 

 gins nearly regularly strong-serrate, the under 

 surface glandular-pubescent: fls. white, showy, 

 the petals narrow, borne in a long, open ra- 

 ceme-like cluster of which the 

 terminal flower is usually the old- 

 est, each pedicel standing at 

 nearly right angles to the rachis: 

 fr. black, oblong (varying to 

 nearly globular) , usually not very 

 juicy, sweet and aromatic. Every- 

 where in old fields and clearings 

 in the northeastern states, at 

 common elevations, extending 

 south to North Carolina and west 

 to Iowa, Kansas and Missouri 

 Known in cultivati6n in the "Long-cluster BUekber- 

 ries"as Taylor and Ancient Briton. Var. albimiB, Bailey, 

 the "White Blackberry," is a state in which the fruits 

 are amber-colored and the bark yellowish green; c 

 sionally as far west as Michigan, and probably fartl 



2201. Rubus occidentals (X 

 The original of the cultivated Black 

 Raspberries. No. 18. 



100 



