RUBUS 



SECTION 5. Sand Blackberries, with stiff, erect, low 

 and very thorny growths, small f I. -clusters, and Ivs. 

 white-tomentose beneath. 



28. cuneifdlius, Pursh (R. aculitis- 

 simus, Reasoner) . SAND BLACKBERRY. 

 Fig. 239, Vol. I. Plant stiff and thorny, 

 usually not over 3-4 ft. tall, the 

 prickles many, hooked, and 

 very strong, the young 

 growths white- tomentose : 

 Ifts. on bearing canes mostly 

 small and thick, wedge-oblong 

 to wedge-obovate, 

 obtuse or nearly 

 so, densely white- 

 tomentose be- 

 neath, the mar- 

 gins sharp- 

 toothed; Ifts. on 



urm-s 



1585 



the sterile canes 



2204. Rubus nigrobaccus (X %). No. 22. 



larger, often ovate -pointed 

 or elliptic: fl. -clusters 4-10- 

 fld., short, more or less leafy 

 and thorny, then. -buds glob- 

 u 1 a r and pubescent : f r. 

 medium in size, firm, often 

 sweet and good. Dry fields, 

 Connecticut to the Gulf, 

 and the common Blackberry 

 in many places. In cultiva- 

 tion this seems to be repre- 

 sented by the viciously 

 thorny Topsy or Tree Black- 

 berry, although the charac- 

 teristic white tomentum 

 largely disappears under 

 domestication. Were it not 

 for this tomentum, the spe- 

 cies would be difficult to 

 distinguish from R. flori- 

 dus. 



drupelets, red to red-black, sour. Swamps or low sandy 

 soils, Nova Scotia to Ga. and Kans.-Of no value for 

 the fruit, but sometimes offered by dealer, ;i s a subject 



for covering the ground ii ,ist places. The leaves 



usually persist through the winter, and in sunny places 

 they assume a fine bronzy hue. 



Group g. Soft-caned Dewberries, with the stemt thin 

 and little woody or even almost herbaceous and the 

 peduncles 1-2-fld. 



31. finslenii, Tratt. (R. villdsus, var. humifutus, 

 Torr. & Gray. R. Baileydnus, Britt.). Plant weak, 

 with slender canes lying on the ground, the prickles 

 small and relatively few or even none, the flowering 

 canes sometimes almost herbaceous although having 

 survived the winter: Ifts. small and thin, oval-pointed 

 to nearly ovate, irregularly and sharply serrate, nearly 

 glabrous (or hairy on the margins and the veins): fls. 

 of good, size, white, solitary (sometimes in 2's) on short, 

 leafy peduncles: fr. small and nearly globular, loose, 

 black, often good. Sandy places, New York 

 and Mich, to Miss. Evol. Native Fruits, Figs. 

 77 and 87. Has been confounded with R. vil- 

 losus, but, as Rubuses go, it seems to be well 

 distinguished. Probably not in cultivation. 



Group 3. The common Northern 

 Dewberries, with strong, prickly, 

 often half-ascending canes and 2- 

 several-fld. peduncles. 

 32. villbsus. Ait. /.'. Canadensis, 

 Authors, not Linn.). Figs. 2211,2212. 

 Canes strong, often several feet long 

 and usually armed with strong re- 

 curved prickles, not stand- 

 ing alone when full grown 

 -^. 'i but often rising 2 feet from 

 ' f the ground, the shoots. 

 -7 mostly glabrous or becom- 

 / ing so: Ivs. of medium size 

 / or becoming very large on 

 ' strong plants, flrm^ and 

 thick, the 3-7 leaflets oval or 



2205. Rubus nigrobaccus (X %). 



SECTION C. Sivamp Blackberries, with weak hispid 

 canes and reddish fruits. 



29. setdsus, Bigel. (R. hispidus, var. subertctus, 

 Peck). Mostly erect, sometimes ascending 2-3 ft., the 

 slender canes clothed with many weak mostly recurved 

 prickles and sometimes conspicuously hispid also, the 

 prickles generally extending to the petioles and inflor- 

 escence: Ifts. oblanceolate to ovate, pointed or acumi- 

 nate, very strong-toothed: fr. small, with few drupelets, 

 reddish black. Swamps, Quebec to Pa. Not known to 

 be in the trade, but inserted here because it is confused 

 with R. hispidus and other species. 



AA. Dewberries : Plant trailing or decumbent. 

 Group 1. Fwamp Dewberries, with weak bristly stems, 

 obovate shining Ifts., and small red fruit. 



30. hispidus, Linn. (R. obovalis, Michx. R. semptr- 

 rireiin, Bigel. ). Fig. 2210. Stems very slender, scarcely 

 woody but usually persisting over winter, creeping, 

 bearing many weak reflexed small bristles: Ifts. usually 

 3, thick, shining above, wedge-obovate or oval-obovate, 

 usually obtuse, doubly serrate: fls. small, white, on few- 

 flowered herbaceous nearly or quite leafless peduncles 

 arising from the creeping canes: fr. small and of few 



ovate pointed or 

 acuminate and 

 sharply double- 

 toothed: fls. white, 

 few to several on 

 the ends of short, 

 leafy shoots of the 

 season: fr. usually 

 globose or short-ob- 

 long, shining black, 

 the drupelets usu- 

 ally large. Fields 

 and roadsides, On- 

 tario (and New- 

 foundland?) to Fla. 

 and Arizona. The 

 common Dewberry 

 of the North, OC- 2206. Rubus nierobaccus. a wild High 

 curring in many bugh B i ackbeiry (x %). No. 22. 

 forms in old fields, 



and often a troublesome pest. There are varieties cult, 

 for the fruit. This is the plant named Rubus villosus 

 by Aiton in 1789, although it has been supposed that he 

 had the High-bush Blackberry (R. nigrobaccus). " 



When 



