RUBUS 



sweet. In the mountains, particularly in the Coast 

 Ranges, of the Pacific slope; also in" Idaho. It has 

 come into some prominence as a fruit plant within the 

 last dozen years. Named varieties are Aughinbaugh 

 Skagit Chief, Belle of Washington and Washington 

 Climbing Blackberry. The species is perplexingly va 

 riable, and well-marked characters seem to be asso- 

 ciated with the different sexual forms. The Loganberry 

 (which see, p. 937) is said to be a hybrid between this 

 species and R. Jdceus. It. ritifo/itts 'is recorded as hav- 

 ing been crossed with It. crat^i/ifo/ittx by Luther Bur- 

 bank. The Mammoth Blackberry of California is said to 

 be a cross between 11. ritifolius and the Wild Black- 

 berry of Texas (It. argutus't). See Pacific Rural Press, 

 Sept. 4, 1897, for description and portrait. The account 

 says that the Mammoth "produces berries of immense 

 size, supposed to be the largest Blackberry ever grown, 

 berries 2'% inches in length being frequently found. 

 * * * The canes of the Mammoth are very peculiar, 

 being very large and thickly covered with small, short 

 spines. The canes start early in March, grow thick and 

 stout until about 5 ft. high; they then take on a run- 

 ning habit and grow from 25 to 30 ft. in a season. 

 Late in the fall the tips or stolons seek the ground 

 and take root." The variety is partially evergreen in 

 California. The fruit is said to be more acid than the 

 old Lawton Blackberry, but " when perfectly ripe is 

 sweet and of superior flavor." 



Group 6. Exotic Dewberries, with very long, prickly, 

 glaucous canes and large very sharp -toothed Ifts. 



36. dumetorum, Weihe. Fig. 2216. Canes long and 

 slender, terete, often 10-25 ft. long, trailing or half- 

 prostrate, glaucous, thickly beset with rather small 

 somewhat curved spines: Ifts. usually 3, mostly broad- 

 ovate, pointed to acuminate, irregularly sharp-toothed, 

 becoming bronzy and brown in autumn: fls. small, 

 white, the calyx white-tomentose, on short pedicels in 

 a cluster terminating leafy growths of the season: fr. 

 of a few large black drupelets. Europe. Lately intro 

 duced for the covering of banks and stony places, for 

 which it is highly recommended. Its autumn color is 

 attractive. Hardy in New England. 



R. bifldrus. Ham. Raspberry, apparently allied to R. occi- 

 dentalis, and prized in cult, for its glaucous - white canes: 

 reaches 8-10 ft., with strong arching canes that bear strong, 

 recurved prickles: Ifts. ovate or oval, incise - serrate, whitish 

 beneath: fls. large and white, 1-3 on drooping pedicels: berry 

 amber-colored, size of the common Raspberry, the calyx at first 

 erect but finally spreading. Temperate Himalaya. B.M. 4678. 

 R.H. 1855:5. Gn. 54, p. 456.-.R. Capensis, Burbank. Under this 

 name Luther Burbank describes a bramble that came to him 

 " by way of New Zealand from South Africa, and is probably 



RUBUS 



1587 



the one that Stan oy si>aks so highly of M growing in place, 

 on the Dark ( MrttMBt. Th, ,.... K r,,w to a hoight of 5-w 

 <-.-t. landing over and rooting from tips Mkr Hla.-kra,, Rasp- 

 berries. The whole plant is covered with a short, rurtj down 



2211. Small form of Rubus villosus, the northern Dewberry. 

 Generally known as R. Canadensis. No. 32. 



and few short scattered prickles; the fruit is fully as large or 

 larger than Shaffer's Colossal Raspberry, of a purplish wine 

 or mulberry color, and of excellent quality, though the berries 

 do not separate from the receptacle as freely as they should; 

 it is a very promising berry- plant." Sea Burbank's "New 

 Creations in Fruits and Flowers," June, 1894; also Gu.48, p. 

 126. The picture represents a very rugose leaf with 5 shallow 

 nearly rounded lobes and very irregularly serrate margins: 

 stems with curved prickles, and a small cluster with large, 

 globular short-pedicelled fruits. It is probably R. Molnccanus. 

 R. Japonieus, Veitch. Known to horticulturists in its varie- 

 gated form (R. Japonieus tricolor): slender trailer, with rose- 

 colored stems and petioles: Ivs. ovate, mostly indistinctly 3- 

 lobed, very sharply toothed, the youngest ones pinkish white 

 and the mature ones blotched green and white. Not known to 

 be in cult, in this country. It would probably not be hardy 

 north. The botanical position of the plant is not designated. 

 G.C. III. 16:95. J.H. III. 29:60. G.M. 37:442. R. Moluccdnut, 

 Linn. A large Raspberry, common in India and Malaya, and to 

 be expected as an introduced plant in many warm countries. 

 Very robust, the canes and branches red-hairy and spiny: Ivs. 

 very variable, large, usually hairy, dull - pubescent beneath, 

 shallowly 3-5-lobed, irregularly serrate : fls. white, in con- 

 tracted terminal clusters : fr. in shades of red, succulent. B.R. 

 6:461. R. stellatus, Smith, produces an edible fruit, prized in 

 Alaska: stem simple and herbaceous, only a few inches long, 

 1-fld.: Ivs. cordate, 3-lobed or 3-parted: fls. red. Northwestern 



Arctic America. 



L. H. B. 



2212. Rubus villosus. 

 the northern Dewberry. 

 No. 32. 



