SALVIA 



SAMBUCUS 



1609 



1 in. long, but they perhaps represent the nearest approach to 

 a good yellow that Salvia affords. P.C. 1:5. Section 5 S 

 chamcedrMdes, Cav., is a blue-nd. Mexican subshrub, the lower 

 lip longer than the upper and the Us. marked with white on 

 both lips toward the throat. Also found in Alex. B M 808 

 Section 7. A', confertiflura, Pohl, is a unique and most desira- 

 ble species. The raceme is extremely long (2 ft.), with about 

 2 dozen distant whorls of fls.: whorls many-rid.: tts. small 

 lub-shaped, not widely gaping, white at base, bright soft red 

 at apex. A charming subshrub, found in the Organ Mts in 

 Brazil. B.M. 3899. Section 7. S. dichrda, Hook., is perhaps a 

 botanical var. of S3. bicolor. Its fls. are blue, except the mid- 

 lobe of the lower lip, which is white. It is a native of the At- 

 las Mts. in Morocco, probably a tender perennial herb. Root- 

 Ivs. oblong, acute at base, while those of S. bicolor are deeply 

 cordate. B.M. 6004. Section 6. S. elegant, Vahl. Red-ttd 

 Mexican herb, slender, 2-4 ft. high: whorls 6-ttd.: fls. scarlet' 

 more than 1 in. long. B.M. 6448 (fls. purplish crimson). Sec- 

 tion 7.*'. eriocdlyx, Bertero, is a shrub found in Jamaica be- 

 longing to ii group remarkable for their densely woolly calicos 

 It is figured in R.H. 1844:1 with white corollas and purple 

 calices. Section 7. .S'. Forskbhlei, Linn., is a hardy perennial 

 from Asia Minor. If it is worth cultivating it is for the nov- 

 elty of the variegated fls., which are curiously marked with 

 violet, blue and white, the filaments red and the anthers blue. 

 B.M. 988. Section 'A. S. gesnerceflbra, Lindl. & Past., is a red- 

 fld. Colombian subshrub, that should be in cult. The fls. are 

 large, brilliant, of very uncommon shape, being swollen at the 

 middle and constricted at the throat; the lower hangs down 

 and is barely 2-cut at apex. I.H. 1:32. F.S. 20:2131. P. 

 1851:145. S. Gordonidna, a trade name in America, seems un- 

 known to botanists. Possibly a form of some common species. 

 S. Grahami, Benth. The showiest part of the fl. in this spe- 

 cies is the midlobe of the lower lip, which is large and obcor- 

 date. Mexican subshrub, which bears deep crimson and pur- 

 ple fls. at the same time, the latter being the older ones. The 

 species is also remarkable for 2 small white spots, one on each 

 half of the midlobe of the lower lip. B.R. 16:1370. Section 7. 

 S. Heerii, Regel. Peruvian subshrub, 3-5 ft. high, with scarlet 

 fls., lately offered in S. (Jalif., and formerly by John Saul, of 

 Washington, D. C. Lvs. petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 cordate at base, toothed, pale green above, whitish below, 4 in. 

 lon, 1 in. wide: whorls 2-fld.: fls. % in. long or more, later 

 striped white; corolla not hairy inside. Probably Section 7. 

 S. Hispanica, Lin i., is included in many modern works, but is 

 probably not worth cultivating. It is an annual with small 

 blue fls. scarcely longer than the calyx. Trop. Amer. B.R. 

 -5:. '{.TO. S. Hispanica of some authors, a native of Spain and 

 It.-ily, is S. officinalis. Section 7.S. Indica, Linn., is said by 

 the Flora of British India to be a native of Syria, not of India. 

 It is a hardy perennial with variegated fls.; upper lip violet; 

 lower lip shorter, white, speckled with violet and bordered 

 with yellow. B.M. 395. S. interrupta, Schousb. Hardy sub- 

 shrub from Morocco, with pinnatisect foliage and large, white- 

 throated fls. which are described in B.M. 5860 as dark violet- 

 purple, but shown as blue in the plate. Section 2.S. lamiifd- 

 lia, Jacq. (S. amrena, Sims). Blue- or violet-fld. West Indian 

 .shrub, 6-8 ft. high. B.M. 1294. B.R. 6:446. L.B.C. 4:377. Sec- 

 tion 7. S. lavenduloldes, HBK. (S. lavenduliformis, Neu- 

 mann), is an azure-blue-fld. Mexican perennial herb: whorls 

 about 10-fld. Very attractive. R.H. 1845:445. Section 7.S. 

 leonuroldes, Gloxin. (S. formosa, L'Herit.), belongs to a small 

 group of scarlet-fld. shrubs from Peru and Brazil, which are 

 remarkable for their axillary inflorescence. Upper lip red- 

 hairy. Peru. B.M. 376. Section 7. S. longiflbra, Ruiz & Pav., 

 has probably the longest tts. of the genus. It is a Peruvian 

 shrub, with nodeling racemes of red fls., each 4-5 in. long. Sec- 

 tion l.S. macrostachya, HBK., is a shrubby plant, found in 

 Ecuador and Colombia at 10,000 feet. It grows 6 ft. high and 

 has large pale blue fls. which are overshadowed by the too con- 

 spicuous green, persistent bracts. B.M. 7372. Section 7. S. 

 marmorata Hort., is said to be "white, striped scarlet," doubt- 

 less referring to the fls. Presumably a variety ot S. splendens. 

 S. nigrescens was advertised by John Saul about 1893 and 

 seems unknown to botanists. Possibly a form of some com- 

 mon species. "Fls. blackish violet; calyx lavender." S. nil- 

 tans, Linn., is given in many modern works, but is scarcely 

 worth cult, unless for the unusual circumstance that the in- 

 florescence is nodding. The fls. are violet and less than % in. 

 long. Hardy perennial herb from western Eu. B.M. 2436. Sec- 

 tion 6. H. rhombifblia, Ruiz & Pav. Peruvian blue-fld. annual, 

 the lower lip larger and lined with white at the throat. B.R. 

 17: 1429 (as S. foliosa, Benth.). S. rubescens, HBK. Charming 

 shrub from Andes of Ecuador, with brilliant red corollas set 

 off by purple calices. Inflorescence panicled: fls. tubular, 1 in. 

 long, lower lip larger. B.M. 5947. Section 7. Very desirable. 

 S. scabiostxfblia. Lam. (S. Habliziana, Willd.). One of the 

 most attractive white-fld. Salvias, and said to be hardy. Per- 

 ennial herb form Tauria, with large white fls. more or less 

 speckled with pink. B.M. 1429 and 5209. Section 1. S. scapi- 

 formis, Hance. The habit of this plant is all but unique and 

 singularly attractive. It has the alpine habit, Ivs. all radical 

 and the slender leafless scapes rising 6-10 in., with a dozen or 

 more 6-fld. distant whorls of small amethystine flowers. For- 



mosa. BM.6980. Section ll.-S. Schimptri. Benth has white 



. - m long and is one of the few desirable plants from Abyg- 

 n \ tt> SL*ti m . OUIlt <" Plant, pn-smmably . t..nd.T perennial 

 M\'' r! , ! l ' r j > "" n "" t . '"'" whirh are white, bord-ml K r".,> 

 B.M. 6.<00. bertion 5.-.V. stricti/ldra, Hook., is ex,-e,,tionally 

 nteresting by reason of its stiffly erect, tabular fls.. the lower 

 M P r < K f " 0t f "i 1 reflexed - Re'l-nd. Peruvian shrub. B M 

 .il.i... Beetioa 7.-.S. tor<wiJia. Cosson & Bui. Morocco sub^ 

 shrub with vanegated fls. and lower Ivs. like those of dan- , - 

 ion. Fls purple, with a yellow stripe on each half of the mid- 

 .V ) ,L > w^",nin e ,l w , er . lip neartl e throat. B.M. 5J1. Grows at 

 -.,000-J.OOO ft., but presumably t.-nd.-r nortli. S.-tj,,,, i.-g 

 tricolor, Lem. not Hort., has whit* fls. tipped with purple on 

 the upper lip and beautifully suffused with red at the apex of 

 the midlobe of the lower lip. I.H.4:120. F.S.I-J: H':t7. S^tion 7 



W. M. 



SALVINIA (Antonio Maria Salvini, 1633-1729, Italian 

 scientist). Marniiidcete. Salvinia is an interesting 

 plant for the small home aquarium. It is a floating 

 plant with slender stems bearing 2-ranked, oblong Ivs 

 4-ti lines or even 1 in. long. The upper surface of the Ivs.' 

 is covered with papillae or minute warts; the lower is 

 densely matted with brown, pellucid hairs. The plant is 

 supposed to have no true roots. What look like roots 

 are believed to be finely dissected leaves. Many aquatic 

 plants have these two types of foliage, e. g., the Water 

 Buttercup, Ranunculus aquatilis. 



The plant is of easy culture in summer, but many 

 persons have lost it over winter by not understanding 

 its habits. It is an annual and often dies in the 

 winter after ripening a crop of spores. Get a broad 

 pan, fill it half full of loam and then fill the pan with 

 water. After the water has cleared place the Salvinias 

 on the surface. In the winter watch for the formation 

 of the spore capsules. These grow in masses near the 

 top of the clusters of root-like leaves. After the plants 

 die the spore capsules will remain in the soil. The 

 plant often passes the winter in greenhouses in a grow- 

 ing condition, producing no spores. 



Salvinia is not a flowering plant. It is a cryptogam 

 and has two kinds of spores, large ones and minute ones. 

 The "spore capsules " mentioned above are technically 

 sporocarps. Of each cluster of sporocarps, 1 or 2 con- 

 tain 10 or more sessile macrosporangia, each of which 

 contains a solitary macrospore. The other sporocarps in 

 the cluster contain numerous pedicelled microsporan- 

 gia,|each of which contains numerous microspores. For 

 a fuller and illustrated description see Britton and 

 Brown's Illustrated Flora. 



Salvinia is variously estimated to have 1-13 species. 

 Aquatic plants are noted for their wide geographical 

 range. The variations incident to wide range are not 

 considered worthy the rank of species by many botan- 

 ists. Salvinia natans, Linn., is the common Eu- 

 ropean and Asian species and possibly the only one. 

 S. Braziliensis is another trade name. Its Ivs. are 

 said to have a "delicate hairy surface." \/y i jn_ 



SAMBtTCUS (old Latin name of the Elder, perhaps 

 derived from Greek sambuke, a musical instrument 

 said to be made of Elder wood). Capri foliacece. KI.DKK. 

 About 20 species of trees or shrubs (rarely perennial 

 herbs) with opposite, pinnate Ivs., Ifts. serrate or la- 

 ciniate, and numerous small white fls. in compound 

 cymes: fr. a juicy drupe or berry, red, black, white or 

 green. A valuable genus for the planter, of which the 

 golden forms are too much used and the American spe- 

 cies, S. Canadensis and pubens, too little. Either 

 massed or single they are very effective. A hint for the 

 effective use of S. C'anadensix and ptibenn may be had 

 from natural plantations when the two species are in- 

 termingled, the white flowers of the former contrasting 

 strongly with the red fruit of the latter. Readily propa- 

 gated by cuttings either of wood or root. S. Canadensis 

 is one of our minor fruit plants. Elderberry wine is a 

 common home product. The Brainard Elderberry in- 

 troduced in 1890 by Brandt has fruits fully three times 

 as large as the wild berries. 



Botanically, Sambucus is closely allied to Viburnum, 

 being essentially distinguished by the 3-5-loculed ovary, 

 that of Viburnum being usually 1-loculed. Other generic 

 characters: calyx 3-5-lobed or toothed; corolla rotate, 

 3-5-parted, lobes generally imbricate: stamens 5; disk 

 none or convex: style 3-parted: ovule solitary, pendu- 

 lous from apex: drupe 3-5-stoned: stones 1-seeded. 



