1714 



STACHYS 



date at the base, 3-6 in. long; upper leaves distant, ses- 

 sile, oblong-lanceolate, acute: Us. purple, in a dense, 

 terminal spike. July. Eu., Asia Minor. Rarely found 

 as an escape in this country, and once cult, for use in. 

 domestic medicine. Useful for ornament, and now ad- 

 vertised for that purpose. 



longifdlia, Benth. (Betdnica orientalis, Linn.). A 

 hardy perennial herb about 1 ft. high, densely villous. 

 lower Ivs. petioled, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenate, 

 deeply cordate at the base, 4-6 in. long; the upper Ivs. 

 similar in shape but sessile, those of the inflorescence 

 bract-like: fls. reddish purple to pink, in a cylindrical, 

 somewhat interrupted spike about % ft. long. July. 

 Caucasus. 



2389. Tuber of Stachys Sieboldi (X %). 



grandiflora, Benth. (Betdnica rdsea, Hort. ). A hardy 

 perennial about 1 ft. high: lower Ivs. broadly ovate, ob- 

 tuse crenate, long-petioled. base broadly heart-shaped; 

 the upper gradually smaller, nearly similar and sessile, 

 the uppermost bract-like: fls. violet, large and showy, 

 the curving tube about 1 in. long and three or four 

 times surpassing the calyx, in 2-3 distinct whorls of 10- 

 20 fls. each. Asia Minor, etc. B.M. 700. 



coccinea, Jacq. One to 2 ft., slender, soft-pubescent: 

 Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, cordate at base or somewhat del- 

 toid, obtuse, crenate: fls. scarlet-red, the narrow tube 

 much exceeding the calyx, pediceled, in an interrupted 

 spike, blooming in succession. Western Texas to Ariz. 

 B.M. 666. -Showy. 



BB. Corolla-tube little exceeding the calyx. 



c. Herbage green. 



aspera, Michx. Erect, usually strict, 3-4 ft. high, the 

 stem retrorsely hairy on the angles: Ivs. oblong-ovate 

 to oblong-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, serrate, petio- 

 late: corolla small, glabrous, pale red or purple, in an 

 interrupted spike. Wet places, Ontario and Minnesota 

 to the Gulf. Has been offered by dealers in native 

 plants. 



CO. Herbage white-woolly. 



lanata, Jacq. WOOLLY WOUNDWORT. A hardy per- 

 ennial 1-1% ft. high, white-woolly throughout: Ivs. ob- 

 long-elliptical, the upper smaller, the uppermost much 

 shorter and whorled: fls. small, purple, in dense 30- or 

 more fld. whorls in interrupted spikes. Caucasus to 

 Persia. Often grown as a bedding plant. Valuable for 

 its very white herbage. 



AA. Plants grown for edible subterranean tubers. 

 Sieboldi, Miq. (S. afflnis, Bunge, not Fresenius. S. 

 tuberifera, Naud.). CHOROGI. CHINESE or JAPANESE 

 AKTJCHOKE. KNOTEOOT. CROSNES DU JAPAN. Fig. 2389. 

 Erect, hairy mint-like plant, growing 10-18 in. tall: Ivs. 

 ovate to deltoid-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, cordate at 

 base, obtuse-dentate, stalked : fls. small, whitish or 

 light red, in a small spike: tubers (Fig. 2389) 2-3 in. 

 long, slender, nodose, white, produced in great numbers 

 just under the surface of the ground. ' China, Japan. 

 G.C. III. 3:13. Sent to France in 1882 from Pekin by 

 Dr. Bretschneider, and about ten. years ago introduced 

 into this country. It is cultivated for the crisp tubers, 

 which may be eaten either raw or cooked. These tubers 

 soon shrivel and lose their value if exposed to the air. 

 The tubers withstand the winter in central New York 



STADMANNIA 



without protection, so that a well-established plant takes 

 care of itself and spreads. For history, chemical analy- 

 ses, etc., see Cornell Bull. 37. 



Floridana, Shuttlew. Slender, erect, 1-2 ft., branch- 

 ing, glabrous : Ivs. cordate-oblong-lanceolate, blunt- 

 toothed, stalked: fls. small, light red, in an open inter- 

 rupted spike: tubers cylindrical, uniformly nodose, 4-6 

 in. long. Fla. Has been tested abroad as a food plant, 

 and also at the Cornell Exp. Sta. (see Bull. 61), but 

 practically unknown horticulturally. The tubers are 

 fully as good, for eating, as those of S. Sieboldi. 



L. H. B. 



STACHYTARPHfiTA (Greek, dense spike), I'erbeiia- 

 cece. About 40 species of herbs or shrubs, mainly from 

 tropical America, with opposite or alternate, 

 dentate, often rough leaves and white, purple, 

 blue or red flowers solitary in the axils of 

 bracts, sessile or half sunk in the rachis of 

 the long and dense or short and lax spikes. 



mutabilis, Vahl. A low shrub, scabrous- 

 pubescent: Ivs. ovate, dentate, scabrous above, 

 whitish pubescent beneath: spike long, erect: 

 bracts lanceolate, subulate: calyx 4-dentate, 

 hispid, 4-6 lines long; corolla crimson, fading 

 to rose, %-% in. across. West Indies, Mex- 

 ico to Guiana. Offered in S. Calif. 



F. W. BARCLAY. 



STACHYtRtrS (Greek, spike and tail ; in 

 allusion to the form of the inflorescence). 

 Terns tree mid cent. Two species of glabrous 

 shrubs or small trees, one from the Hima- 

 layas and the other from Japan, with mem- 

 branous, serrate leaves and small flowers in axillary 

 racemes or spikes: fls. 4-merous ; sepals strongly im- 

 bricated; stamens 8, free; style simple: berry 4-loculed. 

 praecox, Sieb. & Zucc. Rambling shrub, 10 ft. high, 

 with flexible branches: Ivs. deciduous, ovate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, thin: petiole about 1 in. long: 

 spikes 2-3 in. long, many-fld., stout: fls. % in. across, 

 globular-bell-shaped, sessile or nearly so: fr. globose or 

 ovoid, y^-Yt in. thick: seeds pale brown. Japan. B.M. 

 6631. G.C. III. 21:285. -Procurable from importers of 

 Japanese plants. 



STACKHOtTSIA (after John Stackhouse, an English 

 botanist). Stackhousiacew. About 10 species from Aus- 

 tralia and sparingly from other islands of the S. Pacific 

 ocean. Mostly perennial herbs with slender, erect stems 

 and narrow, entire, often fleshy leaves and terminal 

 spikes of flowers. The genus is the only one of the 

 order: fls. regular, hermaphrodite; calyx small, 5-lobed; 

 petals 5, perigynous, clawed, usually free at base but 

 united above in a tube with spreading lobes; disk thin, 

 lining the calyx-tube; stamens 5, inserted on the mar- 

 gin of the disk: ovary free, 2-5-lobed, 2-5-loculed: fr. 

 of 2-5 indehiscent cocci. Consult Flora Australiensis 

 1:405. 



mon6gyna, Labill. (S. linariifdlia, A. Cunn.). A half- 

 hardy perennial herb, usually simple, about 1% ft. high, 

 with linear or lanceolate Ivs. about 1 in. long: spikes at 

 first dense, then lengthening to 4-6 in. : buds pinkish 

 when young: fls. white. B.R. 22:1917. The plant in the 

 Californian trade is apparently not the above species, 

 for the catalogue says it is a tall, robust shrub with fl.- 

 heads 1-2 in. across, surrounded by imbricated bracts 

 and bright yellow fls. with a purple-streaked keel. 



F. W. BARCLAY. 



STADMANNIA (named by Lamarck in 1793 after a 

 German botanist and traveler). Sapinddcete. The only 

 species of this genus that is well known is a tropical 

 tree from the Bourbon Islands, there known as Bois de 

 fer or Ironwood. This is a large tree with hard, heavy 

 reddish wood, once frequent in the primeval forests of 

 Mauritius but now scarce. It is not known to be in cul- 

 tivation in America. The proper name of this tree is 

 Stadmannia oppositifdlia, Lam., a synonym of which 

 is S. Sider6xylon,DG. Nine other names appear in Index 

 Kewensis, apparently all Brazilian species, but one of 

 them is a bare name and the others were first described 

 in the early sixties in Linden's catalogue. They are 



